This 2 volume set comprises of the 4th edition of Volume 1 and the 5thth edition of Volume 2.

The fifth edition of Volume 1 of Handbook of Obesity written by global experts covers the basic science aspects under the broad topic areas of epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of obesity. Divided into 5 sections and detailed in 66 chapters, this edition covers the important advances occurring over the past decades. With a focus on science of obesity and factors participating in the etiology of obesity, this topic is studied from biological, behavioural, and environmental perspectives.

Volume 1 is structured into 5 parts:

Part 1 focuses on the history, definitions, and prevalence of the obesity. It identifies the historical references to excess weight, obesity in art and literature, direct and surrogate measurements of adiposity and obesity related traits, epidemiology of obesity around the globe, and age, sex, and ethnic variation completes this part of the volume.

Part 2 explains the biological determinants of obesity. It explains the bioenergetics, energy dissipation mechanisms and exposure to experimental overfeeding, genetic and epigenetic evidence, metabolic rates, energy expenditure and energy partitioning, and the evidence on infections and adiposity.

Part 3 describes the behavioral determinants of obesity. It deals with chapters related to food, beverages, and ingestive behavior, dealing with smoking, breast-feeding, and sleep duration and pattern, and sedentary behavior, occupational work, and leisure-time physical activity and obesity.

Part 4 comprises of chapters explaining the environmental, social, and cultural determinants of obesity. The chapters in this section focus on the role of agriculture and the food industry in the current obesity epidemic, social and economic aspects of obesity, and ethnic and cultural differences, and environmental pollutants.

Part 5 of this volume discusses the health consequences of obesity. The chapters address important topics such obesity and heart disease, lipoprotein metabolism, insulin resistance and diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, hepatic biology, pulmonary functions, and arthritis and gout, mental health and quality of life, growth and health disorders in pediatric populations, and on bias and discrimination affecting the obese persons.

Volume 2 of the 5th Edition of the Handbook of Obesity spotlights on clinical applications for evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of obesity. It covers on the several major developments occurred between the previous and the new edition, including the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on people with obesity, the concept of "Precision Medicine", and new medications approved by USFDA aiding patients with obesity weight loss of 15 to 20%.

This volume is structured into 5 parts:

Part 1 provides insights from evolution on changes in diet and physical activity, and the implications and results for preventing obesity, health care costs associated with obesity and the cost-effectiveness of obesity prevention and treatment.

Part 2 deals with evaluation of overweight patients, approaches for classifying obesity and using this knowledge to evaluate patients, and addressing ethnic and racial considerations in evaluating patients with obesity.

Part 3 explains the impact of lifestyle in managing obesity, which include behavioural management, diet, dietary composition, and meal timing, and the effects of physical activity and exercise in weight loss and weight loss maintenance.

Part 4 is focused on medications in the management of obesity. This includes drug selection, various classes of drugs, combination of drugs affecting weight loss, effect of herbal agents on weight loss and treatment of obesity in pediatric populations, genetic diseases causing obesity and the role of drugs in treating the dyslipidemias.

Part 5 discusses bariatric surgery, its history, procedure and effects in details, and other surgical techniques including electric stimulation of the vagus nerve, gastric balloons, intestinal liners, and liposuction.

Volume One

Part 1 History, Definitions, and Prevalence

Chapter 1 From Hippocrates to the Obesity Society: A Brief History
George A. Bray and Marta Suminska

Chapter 2 Obesity in Art and Literature
Fiona Haslam and David Haslam

Chapter 3 Measurement of Total Adiposity, Regional Fat Depots, and Ectopic Fat
Steven B. Heymsfield, Brooke Smith, and Matthew D. Robson

Chapter 4 Anthropometric Indicators of Adiposity in Relation to the Gold Standards
Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Chapter 5 Worldwide and Regional Prevalence of Obesity
Jacob C. Seidell

Chapter 6 Age, Sex, Ethnicity, and Other Sources of Variation in the Prevalence of Obesity
Sohyun Park and Heidi M. Blanck


Part 2 Biological Determinants of Obesity

Chapter 7 Bioenergetics and Obesity
Matthew D. Lynes and Yu-Hua Tseng

Chapter 8 Mitochondrial Metabolic Inefficiencies in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Obesity and Weight Loss
Mary-Ellen Harper, Ruth McPherson, and Robert Dent

Chapter 9 Human Experimental Overfeeding
George A. Bray and Claude Bouchard

Chapter 10 Biology of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting
Leonie Heilbronn, Kai Liu, and Luigi Fontana

Chapter 11 Genetic Epidemiology and Obesity
Karri Silventoinen

Chapter 12 Genetic Variation and Obesity
Ruth J. F. Loos

Chapter 13 Single Gene Defects and Obesity
Héléna Mosbah, Christine Poitou, and Karine Clément

Chapter 14 Micro and Long RNAs as Regulators in Obesity
Jean-Francois Landrier, Flavie Sicard, and Lourdes Mounien

Chapter 15 Epigenetics and Obesity
Charlotte Ling and Sonia Garcia-Calzon

Chapter 16 The Role of Adipocyte Precursors in Development and Obesity
Tammy Ying and Rebecca A. Simmons

Chapter 17 Small Animal Models of Obesity
Heike Münzberg, Christopher D. Morrison, and J. Michael Salbaum

Chapter 18 Obesity in Nonhuman Primates
Barbara C. Hansen, Daniel Harrison, Vernon Volante, Nana Gletsu-Miller, and Kai-Lin Catherine Jen

Chapter 19 The Transcriptome, Proteome, and Metabolome of Obesity
Monalisa Hota, Lijin Wang, Pratap Seshachalam, and Sujoy Ghosh

Chapter 20 CNS Regulation of Energy Balance
Justin L. Grobe and Matthew J. Potthoff

Chapter 21 Gastrointestinal Regulation of Energy Balance
Timothy S. Kairupan, Nova H. Kapantow, and Akio Inui

Chapter 22 Gut Microbiome and Obesity
Kristina Martinez-Guryn and Eugene B. Chang

Chapter 23 Sympathetic Nervous System and Obesity
Elisabeth Lambert

Chapter 24 Hypothalamic-Pituitary Hormones and Obesity
Jonathan Q. Purnell, Mary Samuels, and Maria Fleseriu

Chapter 25 Brown, Beige, and White Adipocyte Development
Shingo Kajimura

Chapter 26 Adipose Tissue Metabolism, Adipokines, and Obesity
Ricardo J. Samms and Philipp E. Scherer

Chapter 27 Hepatic, Visceral, Pancreatic, and Cardiac Fat Deposition
Amalia Gastaldelli

Chapter 28 Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Obesity
Polina M. Krassovskaia, Nicholas T. Broskey, and Joseph A. Houmard

Chapter 29 Resting Metabolic Rate, Thermic Effect of Food, and Obesity
Yves Schutz and Abdul Dulloo

Chapter 30 Energy Cost of Exercise, Postexercise Metabolic Rates, and Obesity
Robert Ross, Erin Miller, Emily John, and Laura Guzmán Caballero

Chapter 31 Energy Partitioning, Substrate Oxidation Rates, and Obesity
Angelo Tremblay, Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga, and Patrick Schrauwen

Chapter 32 COVID-19, Other Microbial Infections, and Obesity
Md Akheruzzaman, Vijay Hegde, and Nikhil V. Dhurandhar


Part 3 Behavioral Determinants of Obesity

Chapter 33 Obesity and Dietary Intake
Eunjin Cheon, Lissa A. Davis, Vinicius M. Valicente, Yu Wang, and Richard D. Mattes

Chapter 34 Beverages and Obesity: A Review of Current Scientific Evidence
Miaobing Zheng, Sofus C. Larsen, Nanna J. Olsen, and Berit L. Heitmann

Chapter 35 Obesity and Sedentary Time at Work and Home
Stuart J.H. Biddle and Gregory J.H. Biddle

Chapter 36 Leisure Time Physical Activity and Obesity
Julianne G. Clina, Drew Sayer, and James O. Hill

Chapter 37 Role of Early Life Nutrition & Breastfeeding on Obesity Development
Maryam Kebbe, Kelsey Goynes, and Leanne M. Redman

Chapter 38 Tobacco Use, Marijuana Use, Vaping, and Obesity
Bernard F. Fuemmeler, Kristina L. Tatum, and D. Jeremy Barsell

Chapter 39 Sleep and Obesity
Silvia Cerolini and Caterina Lombardo

Chapter 40 Eating Disorders and Obesity
Jon M. Mond and Timothy Gill

Part 4 Environmental, Social, and Cultural Determinants of Obesity

Chapter 41 The Role of the Food Industry in Obesity
Martin Binks

Chapter 42 Transportation Policies and Obesity
James E. Peterman and David R. Bassett, Jr.

Chapter 43 Urban Environment and Obesity
Katherine R. White and Lawrence D. Frank

Chapter 44 Social and Economic Factors Related to Obesity Across the Globe
Penny Gordon-Larsen and Pasquale E. Rummo

Chapter 45 Influence of Culture on Obesity
Alison Tovar, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, and Aviva Must

Chapter 46 Environmental Chemicals and Obesity
Sumira Phatak, Amanda S. Janesick, Thaddeus T. Schug, Jerrold J. Heindel and Bruce Blumberg


Part 5 Consequences of Obesity

Chapter 47 Obesity and Mortality
Thorkild I.A. S rensen, Justin C. Brown, and Terese Sara H j J rgensen

Chapter 48 Obesity and Heart Disease
Alexandra M. Sanchez, Nadia I. Abelhad, Andrew Elagizi, Sergey Kachur, Hector O. Ventura, and Carl J. Lavie

Chapter 49 Obesity and Hypertension
John E. Hall, Ana C. M. Omoto, Jussara M. do Carmo, Alexandre A. da Silva, Zhen Wang, Alan Mouton, Xuan Li, and Michael E. Hall

Chapter 50 Obesity and Lipoprotein Metabolism
Sally Chiu and Ronald M. Krauss

Chapter 51 Obesity and Insulin Resistance
John P. Kirwan and Christopher L. Axelrod

Chapter 52 Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Norbert Stefan

Chapter 53 Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
André Tchernof and Jean-Pierre Després

Chapter 54 Obesity and Cancer
Alpa V. Patel and Lauren R. Teras

Chapter 55 Obesity and Inflammation
Sierra Nance, Ramiah Jacks, and Carey Lumeng

Chapter 56 Obesity, Gallbladder, and Gastrointestinal Diseases
Michael Camilleri and Andres Acosta

Chapter 57 Obesity and Liver Diseases
Münevver Demir, Josephine Frohme, and Frank Tacke

Chapter 58 Obesity, Lung Function, and Lung Disease
Anne E. Dixon and Swati A. Bhatawadekar

Chapter 59 Obesity and Gout
Lorraine Watson and Edward Roddy

Chapter 60 Obesity, Osteoarthritis, and Bone Disorders
Sanjay Mediwala and Dennis T. Villareal

Chapter 61 Obesity and Cognitive Decline
Adam Tabak, Vince Fazekas-Pongor, Stefano Tarantini, Priya Balasubramanian, Anna Csiszar and Zoltan Ungvari

Chapter 62 Obesity, Mental Health, and Health-related Quality of Life
Osnat C. Melamed, Peter Selby, and Valerie H. Taylor

Chapter 63 Obesity and Reproductive Dysfunction
Ronald Swerdloff, Waleed Butt, and Christina Wang

Chapter 64 Obesity in Pregnancy Complications and Outcomes
Amy M. Valent and Aaron B. Caughey

Chapter 65 Obesity, Growth, Development, Metabolic Disorder, and Insulin Resistance in Pediatrics
Nicola Santoro, Alfonso Galderisi, and Sonia Caprio

Chapter 66 Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity
Rebecca M. Puhl



Volume Two

Part 1 Prevention and Economic Outcomes of Obesity
Chapter 1 Dietary Changes in Human Evolution: Implications for the Prevention of Obesity
Peter Andrews and Richard Johnson

Chapter 2 Evolutionary Changes in Physical Activity, Diet, and Energy Expenditure: Implications for the Prevention of Obesity
Herman Pontzer

Chapter 3 Prevention of Obesity in Adults
Suzanne Phelan

Chapter 4 The Prevention of Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Tim Lobstein and Louise Baur

Chapter 5 Re-engineering the Built Environment: Progress in Schools, Worksites, Neighborhoods, and Communities
Stephanie T. Broyles and Maura M. Kepper

Chapter 6 The Economic Costs of Obesity
Adam Biener, John Cawley, and Chad Meyerhoefer

Chapter 7 Cost-effectiveness of Obesity Prevention and Treatment
Jaithri Ananthapavan, Marj Moodie, and Victoria Brown

Chapter 8 Role of Government and Non-Government Organizations in the Obesity Pandemic and Its Prevention
Simon Barquera, Mariel White, Gabriela Argumedo, Carolina Batis, and Juan Rivera-Dommarco

Chapter 9 Role of Reimbursement in the Delivery of Treatment for Obesity in Adults and Children
Chika Vera Anekwe, Veronica R. Johnson, Matthew J. Townsend, and Fatima Cody Stanford

Part 2 Evaluation of the Patients with Overweight or Obesity

Chapter 10 Classification, Evaluation, and Staging of the Patient with Obesity
Robert F. Kushner and Amanda Velazquez

Chapter 11 Indicators of Central Adiposity: A Critical Evaluation of Their Usefulness
Ian J. Neeland, Jean-Pierre Després, André C. Carpentier, and Paul Poirier

Chapter 12 Genetic Obesity Syndromes
I. Sadaf Farooqi and Stephen O'Rahilly

Chapter 13 Ethnic and Racial Considerations in the Evaluation of the Patient with Obesity
Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Sean Wharton, Fatima Cody Stanford, and Daniel G. Aaron

Part 3 Lifestyle in the Management of Obesity: Behavioral Modification, Diet, and Exercise

Chapter 14 Best Practices: Obesity and the Primary Care Providers
Christine Gallagher, Donna H. Ryan, and William Dietz

Chapter 15 In-person Behavioral Approaches for Weight Management
Jena S. Tronieri and Thomas A. Wadden

Chapter 16 Behavioral Interventions Delivered Remotely
Christoph Höchsmann and Corby K. Martin

Chapter 17 Cultural Considerations in Behavioral Therapy for Management of Obesity
Robert L. Newton, Jr., Elva Arredondo, Patricia Dionicio, and Noe C. Crespo

Chapter 18 Diet Composition and Weight Loss: Is a Calorie a Calorie?
Kevin D. Hall

Chapter 19 Circadian Rhythms and Weight Loss: Timed Food Intake
Emily N. C. Manoogian, Nikko R. Gutierrez, Erika Padilla, and Michael J. Wilkinson

Chapter 20 Comparison of Modern-Millennial Diets
Monica Dinu, Daniela Martini, Francesco Sofi, Mauro Serafini, Marisa Porrini, and Donato Angelino

Chapter 21 Dietary Energy Density and Its Contribution to Weight Control
Faris M. Zuraikat and Barbara J. Rolls

Chapter 22 Dietary Patterns as a Basis for Diet Selection
Catherine Champagne

Chapter 23 Physical Activity and Weight Loss: Volume, Intensity, and Mode
John M. Jakicic and Renee J. Rogers

Chapter 24 Modifying Sedentary Behavior for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity
Bethany Barone Gibbs

Chapter 25 Preventing Weight Regain After Weight Loss
Stephen D. Anton and Michael G. Perri

Chapter 26 Personalized and Precision Nutrition in the Management of Obesity: Can We Tailor the Treatment to the Patient?
George Thom and Mike Lean

Part 4 Medications in the Management of Obesity

Chapter 27 Drug-associated Weight Gain and Clinical Alternatives
Barbara Ameer and Michael A. Weintraub

Chapter 28 Mechanisms of Drug Action in Obesity
M. Furkan Burak, Nawfal W. Istfan, and Caroline M. Apovian

Chapter 29 Metabolic Effects of Progressive Weight Loss
Faidon Magkos

Chapter 30 Older Drugs Used to Manage Obesity: Sympathomimetics and Orlistat
Frank L. Greenway and George A. Bray

Chapter 31 Serotonergic Drugs for Treating Obesity
Mireille J. Serlie

Chapter 32 Antidiabetic Drugs that Reduce Weight and Are Cardioprotective
Carolina M. Perdomo, Javier Escalada, and Gema Frühbeck

Chapter 33 Approved Combination Agents: Phentermine/Topiramate
W. Timothy Garvey

Chapter 34 Approved Combination Agents: Naltrexone-Bupropion
Igho J. Onakpoya and Carl J. Heneghan

Chapter 35 Drugs That Affect Body Weight: The Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists
Randa Ghazal-Asswad and John P.H. Wilding

Chapter 36 Hydrogels in the Treatment of Obesity
Frank L. Greenway

Chapter 37 Dual and Triple-Action Peptides
Thinzar Min and Stephen C. Bain

Chapter 38 Antiobesity Medications on the Horizon
Sarah R. Barenbaum and Louis J. Aronne

Chapter 39 Treatments for Rare Forms of Genetic Obesity
Joan C. Han, Nandini Basuray, and Andrea M. Haqq

Chapter 40 Special Issues in Using Medications in Children & Adolescents
Jaime M. Moore, Stephen R. Daniels, and Claudia K. Fox

Chapter 41 Dietary Supplements and Weight Management
Carol J. Haggans, Rebecca B. Costello, Leila G. Saldanha, Abby G. Ershow, and William T. Cefalu

Part 5 Surgical Interventions for Obesity

Chapter 42 Historical Overview of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Henry Buchwald

Chapter 43 Overview: Current Metabolic Operations and Long-term Outcomes
Robert C. Ross, Vance L. Albaugh, Ali Aminian, and Philip R. Schauer

Chapter 44 Effects of Metabolic Surgery on Type 2 Diabetes
Pia Roser, Ghassan Chamseddine, and Francesco Rubino

Chapter 45 Cardiovascular Outcomes in Metabolic Surgery
Wen Hui Tan, Tammy Kindel, Steven Nissen, and Philip R. Schauer

Chapter 46 Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Cancer
Justin C. Brown, Andrea M. Stroud, Priya A. Rajdev, and Bruce M. Wolfe

Chapter 47 Bariatric Surgery in Pediatric Patients
Sarah Ogle and Thomas Inge

Chapter 48 Other Bariatric Procedures: Nerve Stimulation, Gastric Balloons, Intestinal Liners, and Others
Cullen F. Roberts, Colston Edgerton, and Scott A. Shikora