Summarizes the latest advances and surgical techniques within the field of macular surgery

- Increased coverage of new imaging techniques, including OCT, with over 260 new 4-color images

- Reflects dramatic changes in the field from both a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view

- Truly an international and collaborative work with over 130 authors from 16 countries and 5 continents

- On-line site will contain full text, images and surgical clips

Contributors ix Preface xv Chapter 1 Pathophysiology of the Vitreoretinal Interface 3Yunyoung Kim and David J. Wilson Chapter 2 Pathophysiology of the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium and Choroid 10James T. Handa Chapter 3 Pathophysiology of the Blood-Retinal Barrier 17Pablo Carnota, Rafael Bueno, Monica Rodriguez-Fontal, and John B. Kerrison Chapter 4 Macular Oxygenation and Edema 29Einar Stef u00e1nsson Chapter 5 Fluorescein Angiography of the Ocular Fundus 39Eleonora Lavaque, D. Virgil Alfaro, III, and John B. Kerrison Chapter 6 Indocyanine Green Angiography of the Ocular Fundus 51Michael D. Ober, Howard F. Fine, Louis Chang, Christina M. Klais, and Lawrence A. Yannuzzi Chapter 7 Fundus Autofluorescence 63Miki Sawa, R. Theodore Smith, and Lawrence A. Yannuzzi Chapter 8 Retinal Imaging: Optical Coherence Tomography 72Andre J. Witkin, Jay S. Duker, and Elias Reichel Chapter 9 Principles of Macular Laser Surgery 83Alexander J. Brucker and Tushar M. Ranchod Chapter 10 Photodynamic Therapy 88Lucienne Collet, Gema Ram u00edrez, Rafael Cortez, D. Virgil Alfaro III, John B. Kerrison, and Monica Rodriguez-Fontal Chapter 11 Pattern Scan Laser (PASCAL) Photocoagulation 101Raul Velez-Montoya, Gerardo Garc u00eda-Aguirre, Mark Blumenkranz, and Hugo Quiroz-Mercado Chapter 12 New and Future Antiangiogenic Therapy 108Rishi P. Singh and Peter K. Kaiser Chapter 13 Pharmacologic Vitreolysis 115Raja Narayanan and Baruch D. Kuppermann Chapter 14 Microplasmin and Vitreoretinal Surgery 119David T. Goldenberg, Anselm Kampik, Arnd Gandorfer, and Michael Trese Chapter 15 Principles and Techniques of Macular Surgery 126Gerardo Garc u00eda-Ag uirre, Ra u00fal Velez-Montoya, and Hugo Quiroz-Mercado Chapter 16 for Macular Surgery 132 Instrumentation and Surgical Adjunctive TechniquesMasahito Ohji and Yasuo Tano* Chapter 17 25-Gauge Vitrectomy for Macular Surgery 142Steve Charles Chapter 18 23-Gauge Vitrectomy 149Veronica Kon-Jara, Hugo Quiroz-Mercado, Fabio Patelli, and Kirk H. Packo Chapter 19 20-Gauge Sutureless Vitrectomy 158Carl Claes and Anna Paula R. Lafeta Chapter 20 Pharmacotherapy of Diabetic Retinopathy 165Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Aziz A. Khanifar, Donald J. D Amico, and R.V. Paul Chan Chapter 21 Edema: Fundamentals of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) 175 Laser Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy (Clinically Significant and Diffuse MacularYukihiro Sato Chapter 22 Vitreous Surgery for Diabetic Retinopathy 183Monica Rodriguez-Fontal and John B. Kerrison Chapter 23 Macular Edema Associated with Aphakia and Pseudophakia 193Hiroko Terasaki Chapter 24 Macular Edema Associated with Vascular Occlusion 198Jawad Ahmad Qureshi, Sharon Fekrat, and Daniel Finkelstein Chapter 25 Macular Edema Associated with Idiopathic Telangiectasias and Macroaneurysm 214Peter Liggett and Nauman Chaudry Chapter 26 Macular Edema Associated with Ocular Inflammatory Diseases 220J. Peter Campbell, Diana V. Do, and Quan Dong Nguyen  MaculopathiesChapter 27 Epiretinal Membrane 233Richard C. Lin, William F. Mieler, and William J. Wirostko Chapter 28 Macular Hole 247Borja Corcostegui and Lorena Patricia Pimentel Chapter 29 Intraocular Dyes for Vitreoretinal Surgery 255Michel E. Farah, Eduardo B. Rodrigues, Mauricio Maia, Lihteh Wu, and J. Fernando Arevalo Chapter 30 Age-Related Macular Degeneration 261Jie Jin Wang and Ronald Klein Chapter 31 Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration 275Mike Grassi and Josephine Hoh Chapter 32 Radiotherapy Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration 282Raul Velez-Montoya, Virgilio Morales-Canton, and Hugo Quiroz-Mercado Chapter 33 with Choroidal Neovascularization Ocular Histoplasmosis and Non-AMD Disorders Associated 292Odette M. Houghton and Travis A. Meredith Chapter 34 Pharmacotherapy of Choroidal Neovascularization 296Wayne W. Wu, Franco M. Recchia, and Paul Sternberg Jr. Chapter 35 Ranibizumab (Ranibizumab) in the Treatment of Wet Macular Degeneration 308Monica Rodriguez-Fontal, D. Virgil Alfaro III, and John B. Kerrison Chapter 36 Bevacizumab (Avastin) 321Monica Rodriguez-Fontal and Craig M. Greven Chapter 37 The First Anti-VEGF Therapy: Pegaptanib Sodium 338Anthony P. Adamis Chapter 38 Periocular Steroids 345Beatriz S. Takahashi, Jason S. Slakter, and Howard F. Fine Chapter 39 Intravitreal Triamcinolone 351Francisco G u00f3mez-Ulla, Javier Ferro, Maria Jos u00e9 Blanco, and Maximino Abraldes Chapter 40 Implications of the Off-Label Use of Medications in Vitreoretinal Surgery 358Chirag C. Patel, Scott C. N. Oliver, Naresh Mandava, Jeffrey L. Olson, and Hugo Quiroz-Mercado Chapter 41 Laser Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization 361Marc J. Spirn and Carl Regillo Chapter 42 due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization 367Albert J. Augustin Chapter 43 Submacular Surgery 377Nancy Holekamp Chapter 44 Ocular Parasitic Disease 384Rafael Cortez, Gema Ramirez, and Lucienne Collet Chapter 45 Coloboma, and Peripapillary Staphyloma Congenital Optic Disc Pits, Morning Glory Disc Anomaly, Optic Nerve 393Dolores Berger, John B. Kerrison, and Arthur Korotkin Chapter 46 Macular Trauma 407Reinaldo A. Garcia Arismendi, D. Virgil Alfaro III, J. Fernando Arevalo, Oria Veronica, Gomez Ulla, and Giora Treister Chapter 47 Pediatric Macular Surgery 416Mark K. Walsh, Antonio Capone, Jr., and Michael T. Trese Chapter 48 Macular Disease Secondary to Peripheral Retinal Vasculopathy 427Maximiliano Gordon, Hugo Quiroz-Mercado, and R.V. Paul Chan Chapter 49 Macular Choroidal Melanoma 440Jerry A. Shields and Carol L. Shields Chapter 50 Idiopathic Central Serous Retinopathy 445Carlos A. Moreira Jr., Juan Ignacio Verdaguer, Juan V. Espinoza, and J. Fernando Arevalo Chapter 51 Pathologic Myopia 454Mario Stirpe and Guido Ripandelli Chapter 52 Submacular Hemorrhage 459Rishi P. Singe and Hilel Lewis Chapter 53 Complications of Pharmacotherapy 469Matteo Forlini, Gian Maria Cavallini, Luca Campi, Virgilio Morales-Canton, Paolo Rossini, Adriana Bratu, Cesare Forlini, and Giuseppe Di Stefano Chapter 54 Complications of Photocoagulation 480Mar u00eda H. Berrocal and Virgilio Morales-Canton Chapter 55 Complications of Macular Surgery 487Ximena Vazquez, Eric P. Jablon, John B. Kerrison, Monica Rodriguez-Fontal, and D. Virgil Alfaro III Chapter 56 Choroid in the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration 493 Autologous Transplantation of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium andAntonio L u00f3pez Bola u00f1os and Rosa Evangelina Garnica Hayashi Chapter 57 Gene Therapy for Retinal Disease 500Peter Gehlbach Chapter 58 Artificial Vision 507Nancy Kunjukunju, Hirokazu Sakaguchi, Motohiro Kamei, and Hugo Quiroz-Mercado Chapter 59 Surgical Management of Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage 515Chirag C. Patel, Naresh Mandava, and Hugo Quiroz-Mercado Index 521