Description The undisputed gold standard text in the field, Ryan's Retina is your award-winning choice for the most current, authoritative information on new technologies, surgical approaches, scientific advances and diagnostic and therapeutic options for retinal diseases and disorders. Packed with timely updates throughout, new illustrations, and a dedicated team of editors who extend Dr. Ryan's legacy in retina, this outstanding 6th Edition is a must-have reference for retinal specialists, ophthalmologists, and fellows in training. New to this Edition Bullets Includes new chapters on widefield imaging, intraoperative OCT imaging, medical management of diabetes mellitus and age-related macular degeneration, and senile retinoschisis. Includes more than 1,150 brand-new illustrations, scans, and photographs throughout. Covers the explosion of new imaging options across optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus imaging, and autofluorescence imaging, including a greatly expanded OCT imaging chapter that features crucial information on OCT-Angiography (OCT-A). Presents new pharmacotherapy data and the latest approaches in anti-VEGF therapy for age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and venous occlusive disease. Features an expanded online video library highlighting the latest surgical techniques and new coverage of complications of vitreoretinal surgery. Contains thorough content updates in every area of retina, including advanced imaging technologies, gene therapy, inflammation and immune responses, white dot syndromes, epigenetic mechanisms, transplantation frontiers to improve retinal function, macular hole, myopic eye disease, ocular trauma, drug delivery to the posterior segment, advances in macular surgery, vitrectomy and complex retinal detachment, tumors, and retinal genetics and biology. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, Q&As, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Key Features Offers the most comprehensive content available on retina, balancing the latest scientific research and clinical correlations, covering everything you need to know on retinal diagnosis, treatment, development, structure, function, and pathophysiology. Provides a truly global perspective from five highly esteemed section editors and more than 350 other world authorities from across Europe, Asia, Australasia, and the Americas. Author Information By Andrew P. Schachat, MD, Vice Chairman, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA ; Charles P. Wilkinson, MD MD, Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, Greater Baltimore Medical Center; Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, Greater Baltimore Medical Center and Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; David R. Hinton, MD, Gavin S. Herbert Professor of Retinal Research; Professor of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; SriniVas R. Sadda, MD, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institue, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Peter Wiedemann, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Contents Part I: Retinal Imaging and Diagnostics 1. Fluorescein Angiography: Basic Principles and Interpretation 2. Clinical Applications of Diagnostic Indocyanine Green Angiography 3. Optical Coherence Tomography 4. Autofluorescence Imaging 5. Widefield Imaging 6. Intraoperative OCT Imaging 7. Advanced Imaging Technologies 8. Advanced Image Analysis 9. Electrogenesis of the Electroretinogram 10. Clinical Electrophysiology 11. Diagnostic Ophthalmic Ultrasound 12. Color Vision and Night Vision 13. Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity 14. Visual Fields in Retinal Disease Part 2: Basic Science and Translation to Therapy Section 1: Anatomy and Physiology 15. The Development of the Retina 16. Structure and Function of Rod and Cone Photoreceptors 17. Function and Anatomy of the Mammalian Retina 18. Cell Biology of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium 19. Cell Biology of Retinal Glia 20. Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature: Retinal Oxygenation 21. Mechanisms of Normal Retinal Adhesion 22. Structure, Function, and Pathology of Bruch's Membrane 23. Vitreous and Vitreoretinal Interface Section 2: Basic Mechanisms of Injury in the Retina 24. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Retinal Injury 25. Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Retinal Disease 26. Cell Death, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Retinal Injury 27. Inflammation and Immune Responses In Retinal Health and Disease 28. Basic Mechanisms of Pathological Retinal and Choroidal Angiogenesis 29. Blood-Retinal Barrier, Immune Privilege, and Autoimmunity 30. Mechanisms of Macular Edema and Therapeutic Approaches 31. Cellular Effects of Detachment and Reattachment on the Neural Retina and the Retinal Pigment Epithelium 32. Pathogenesis of Serous Detachment of the Retina and Pigment Epithelium Section 3: Genetics 33. Genetic Mechanisms of Retinal Disease 34. Mitochondrial Genetics of Retinal Disease 35. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Retinal Disease Section 4: Translational Basic Science 36. Gene Therapy for Retinal Disease 37. Stem Cells and Cellular Therapy 38. Nanomedicine in Ophthalmology 39. Neuroprotection 40. Drug Delivery 41. Retinal Laser Therapy: Biophysical Basis and Applications Medical Retina Section 1: Retinal Degenerations and Dystrophies 42. Retinitis Pigmentosa and Allied Disorders 43. Hereditary Vitreoretinal Degenerations 44. Macular Dystrophies 45. Hereditary Choroidal Diseases 46. Abnormalities of Cone and Rod Function Section 2: Retinal Vascular Disease 47. The Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy 48. Diabetic Retinopathy: Genetics and Etiologic Mechanisms 49. Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus 50. Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema 51. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 52. Hypertension 53. Telescreening for Diabetic Retinopathy 54. Retinal Artery Occlusions 55. Acquired Retinal Macroaneurysms 56. Branch Vein Occlusion 57. Central Retinal Vein Occlusion 58. Macular Telangiectasia 59. Coats Disease 60. Hemoglobinopathies 61. Radiation Retinopathy 62. Ocular Ischemic Syndrome 63. Coagulopathies 64. Pediatric Retinal Vascular Diseases Retinopathy of Prematurity 65. Telescreening for Retinopathy of Prematurity Section 3: Choroidal Vascular/Bruch's Membrane Disease 66. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration 67. Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Age-Related Macular Degeneration 68. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Non-neovascular Early AMD, Intermediate AMD, and Geographic Atrophy 69. Neovascular (Exudative or "Wet") Age-Related Macular Degeneration 70. Pharmacotherapy of Age-Related Macular Degeneration 71. Pathologic Myopia 72. Angioid Streaks 73. Ocular Histoplasmosis 74. Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy 75. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy 76. Uveal Effusion Syndrome and Hypotony Maculopathy Section 4: Inflammatory Disease/Uveitis 77. Sympathetic Ophthalmia 78. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease 79. White Spot Syndromes and Related Diseases 80. Autoimmune Retinopathies 81. Sarcoidosis 82. Intermediate Uveitis 83. Rheumatic Diseases 84. HIV-Associated Infections 85. Mycobacterial Infections 86. Eales Disease 87. Spirochetal Infections 88. Ocular Toxoplasmosis 89. Helminthic Disease 90. Endogenous Endophthalmitis: Bacterial and Fungal 91. Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome Section 5: Miscellaneous 92. Drug Toxicity of the Posterior Segment 93. Photic Retinal Injuries: Mechanisms, Hazards, and Prevention 94. Traumatic Chorioretinopathies 95. Pregnancy-Related Diseases 96. Optic Disc Anomalies, Pits, and Associated Serous Macular Detachment 97. Retina-Related Clinical Trials: A Resource Bibliography Surgical Retina Section 1: The Pathophysiology of Retinal Detachment and Associated Problems 98. Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Retinal Detachment 99. Nonrhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment 100. Senile Retinoschisis 101. Pathogenesis of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy 102. Pathophysiology of Ocular Trauma Section 2: Retinal Reattachment: General Surgical Principles and Techniques 103. The Effects and Action of Scleral Buckles in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment 104. Techniques of Scleral Buckling 105. Principles and Techniques of Vitreoretinal Surgery 106. Primary Vitrectomy in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment 107. Pneumatic Retinopexy 108. Special Adjuncts to Treatment 109. Optimal Procedures for Retinal Detachment Repair 110. Prevention of Retinal Detachment Section 3: Complicated Forms of Retinal Detachment 111. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy 112. Retinotomies and Retinectomies 113. Giant Retinal Tear 114. Surgery for Ocular Trauma: Principles and Techniques of Treatment 115. Surgery for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 116. Management of Combined Inflammatory and Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment 117. High Myopia and the Vitreoretinal Complications 118. Surgical Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity 119. Surgery for Pediatric Vitreoretinal Disorders Section 4: Vitreous Surgery for Macular Disorders 120. Epiretinal Membranes, Vitreoretinal Traction and Cystoid Macular Edema 121. Macular Hole 122. Surgical Management of Choroidal Neovascularization and Subretinal Hemorrhage 123. 360 Degree Macular Translocation 124. Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Choroid Translocation in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Section 5: Vitreous Surgery: Additional Considerations 125. Infectious Endophthalmitis 126. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Vitrectomy for Uveitis 127 . Vitreous, Retinal, and Choroidal Biopsy 128. Transplantation Frontiers 129 . Artificial Vision 130. Pharmacology During Surgery 131. Complications In Vitreoretinal Surgery Tumors of the Retina, Choroid, and Vitreous Section 1: Tumors of the Retina 132. Retinoblastoma 133. Cavernous Hemangioma 134. Capillary Hemangioblastoma of the Retina and von Hippel-Lindau Disease 135. Tuberous Sclerosis and the Eye 136. Phakomatoses 137. Retinal Metastases 138. Remote Effects of Cancer on the Retina 139. Melanocytoma of the Optic Disc 140. Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium 141. Combined Hamartoma of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Retina Section 2: Tumors of the Choroid 142. Choroidal Nevi 143. Epidemiology of Posterior Uveal Melanoma 144. Prognosis of Posterior Uveal Melanoma 145. Molecular Genetics of Choroidal Melanoma 146. Pathology of Choroidal Melanoma 147. Overview of Management of Posterior Uveal Melanoma 148. Enucleation for Choroidal Melanomas 149. Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanoma 150. Charged-Particle Irradiation of Uveal Melanoma 151. Surgical Resection of Choroidal Melanoma 152. Laser Treatment of Choroidal Melanoma 153. Systemic Evaluation and Management of Patients with Metastatic Uveal Melanoma 154. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study 155. Choroidal Metastases 156. Choroidal Osteoma 157. Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma Section 3: Hematologic and Miscellaneous Tumors 158. Miscellaneous Uveal Tumors 159. Leukemias and Lymphomas 160. Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma