Approaching addiction from a conceptual rather than a substance-specific perspective, this book integrates broad neuropsychological constructs that consider addiction as a neuroplastic process with genetic, developmental, and substance-induced contributions. Following a general introduction, an overview of neural circuitry and modern non-invasive imaging techniques provides the framework for subsequent chapters on reward salience, craving, stress, impulsivity, and cognition. Additional topics include the use of neuroimaging for the assessment of acute drug effects, drug-induced neurotoxicity, non-substance addictive behaviors, and the application of imaging genetics to identify unique intermediate phenotypes. The book concludes with an exploration of the future promise for functional imaging as guide to the diagnosis adn treatment of addictive disorders