List of contributors.
Section 1 Aetiology and Diagnosis.

Case 1.1 Microbiology of primary periapical periodontitis (José F. Siqueira Jr and Isabela N. Rôças).

Case 1.2 Chronic periapical periodontitis (Domenico Ricucci).

Case 1.3 Chronic periapical periodontitis with suppuration (Domenico Ricucci).

Case 1.4 Chronic periapical periodontitis with an extraoral sinus (Philip Mitchell).

Case 1.5 Periodontial-endodontic lesions (Markus Haapasalo and Hanna Haapasalo).

Section 2 Non-odontogenic Pain.

Case 2.1 The management of musculoskeletal pain (Dermot Canavan and John Lordan).

Case 2.2 The management of neurovascular pain (Dermot Canavan and John Lordan).

Case 2.3 The management of neuropathic pain (Dermot Canavan and John Lordan).

Section 3 Apexification and Maintenance of Pulp Vitality.

Case 3.1 Apexification (Shanon Patel).

Case 3.2 Apexogenesis (Shanon Patel).

Case 3.3 Pulp capping in a mature tooth (Henry Duncan).

Case 3.4 Cracked tooth syndrome (Shanon Patel).

Case 3.5 Emergency treatment of a complicated crown fracture (Markus Haapasalo).

Section 4 Endodontic Treatment.

Case 4.1 Treatment planning (Henry Duncan).

Case 4.2 Instrumentation of the root canal system (Edgar Schäfer).

Case 4.3 Local anaesthestic failure in endodontics.

Case 4.4 Disinfection of the root canal system (Shanon Patel).

Case 4.5 Working length determination (Bhavin Bhuva).

Case 4.6 Obturation of the root canal system (Henry Duncan and Shalini Kanagasingam).

Section 5 Management of Failure and Complications During Treatment.

Case 5.1 Post-treatment periapical periodontitis (secondary infection) (David Figdor).

Case 5.2 Sodium hypochlorite accident (Bhavin Bhuva and Steven Williams).

Case 5.3 Non-surgical perforation repair (Shanon Patel and Shalini Kanagasingam).

Case 5.4 Surgical management of a perforation (Philip Mitchell).

Case 5.5 Management of separated endodontic instruments (Henry Duncan and Ya Shen).

Case 5.6 Endodontic microsurgery (Sam Kratchman and Syngcuk Kim).

Case 5.7 Vertical root fracture (Markus Haapasalo).

Case 5.8 Non-surgical re-treatment of complex anatomy cases (Stephen Niemczyk).

Section 6 Restoration of the Endodontically Treated Tooth.

Case 6.1 Discoloured non-vital tooth (Shanon Patel ).

Case 6.2 Restoration of an endodontically treated posterior tooth (Shanon Patel).

Case 6.3 Restoration of a root-treated tooth with a postretained crown (Bhavin Bhuva and Francesco Mannocci).

Section 7 Trauma.

Case 7.1 Concussion and subluxation (Leif K. Bakland).

Case 7.2 Lateral luxation (Shanon Patel and Conor Durack).

Case 7.3 Intrusive luxation (Leif K. Bakland).

Case 7.4 Avulsion (Leif K. Bakland).

Case 7.5 Root fracture (Leif K. Bakland).

Section 8 Root Resorption.

Case 8.1 External cervical resorption (Shanon Patel and Conor Durack).

Case 8.2 Internal root resorption (Conor Durack and Shanon Patel)