Prolog (Joseph Pancrazio) SECTION I AN INTRODUCTION TO NEUROMODULATION Introduction Elliot S. Krames 1 What Is Neuromodulation? Elliot S. Krames, Ali R. Rezai, P. Hunter Peckham, and Farag Aboelsaad 2 Neuromodulation: A Historical Perspective Philip L. Gildenberg 3 Neuromodulation Technologies: Whom Do We Serve? Allen R. Dyer and Mary Pat Aardrup 4 Challenges in Moving Toward Product Development Paul Meadows 5 The Birth of an Industry James Cavuoto 6 Beginnings of the Societies Ross Davis, Philip L. Gildenberg, Giancarlo Barolat, Elliot Krames, Dejan Popovic, and Paul Meadows 7 Clinical Study Design Daniel B. Carr and Anthony Eidelman 8 Psychological Issues and Evaluation for Patients Undergoing Implantable Technology Daniel M. Doleys 9 Deep Brain Stimulation: Ethical Issues in Clinical Practice and Neurosurgical Research Joseph J. Fins SECTION II FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUROMODULATION Introduction Narendra Bhadra, J. Thomas Mortimer, and Hunter Peckham 10 Anatomy of the Nervous System Joshua M. Rosenow 11 Fundamentals of Electrical Stimulation J. Thomas Mortimer and Narendra Bhadra 12 Neuromodulation and Neuronal Plasticity Alon Y. Mogilner 13 Gene-Based Neuromodulation Thais Federici, Jonathan Riley, and Nicholas Boulis SECTION IIA MECHANISMS Introduction 14 Principals of Electric Field Generation for Stimulation of the Central Nervous System Warren M. Grill 15 Mechanisms of Action of Deep Brain Stimulation: A Review Kendall Lee, Charles Blaha, and Jonathan M. Bledsoe 16 Computational Modeling of Deep Brain Stimulation Cameron C. McIntyre SECTION III BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS Introduction Joseph Pancrazio and Hunter Peckham 17 Electrodes for the Neural Interface Dustin J. Tyler and Katharine H. Polasek 18 Implantable Neural Stimulators P. Hunter Peckham and D. Michael Ackermann, Jr 19 Designing a Neural Interface System to Restore Mobility John P. Donoghue and Leigh Hochberg 20 MRI Safety and Neuromodulation Systems Frank G. Shellock SECTION IV NEUROMODULATION FOR PAIN Introduction Elliot S. Krames and Andre Machado 21 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain Joshua M. Rosenow 22 The Endogenous Neuromodulation System Allan I. Basbaum, Joao Braz, Michael H. Ossipov and Frank Porreca 23 Management Strategies for Chronic Pain Rollin M. Gallagher Section IVA Intrathecal Therapies Introduction 24 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): A Review Kathleen Sluka, Howard S. Smith and Deirdre M. Walsh 25 Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Neuropathic and Ischemic Pain Syndromes Bengt Linderoth, Robert D. Foreman, Bjorn A. Meyerson 26 The Cost-Effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation Richard B. North, Jane Shipley and Rod S. Taylor 27 SCS for Painful Neuropathies Giancarlo Barolat 28 Neurostimulation in the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Joshua P. Prager 29 Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for Pain Peripheral Neuralgia and CRPS Michael Stanton-Hicks 30 Occipital Neurostimulation (ONS) for Treatment of Intractable Headache Syndromes Richard L. Weiner and Kenneth M. Alo 31 Subcutaneous Targeted Stimulation Teodor Goroszeniuk and Sandesha Kothari Section IVB Neuromodulation for Pain Introduction 32 Relevant Anatomy for Spinal Delivery Timothy R Deer, Matthew Ranson and Douglas Stewart 33 The Rational Use of Intrathecal Opioid Analgesics Elliot S. Krames and Mouchir Harb 34 Intrathecal Analgesics, Choice of System Marshall D. Bedder 35 Intrathecal Non-Opioid Analgesics for the Control of Pain Enrique Reig, David Abejon, and Elliot S. Krames 36 Compounding Intrathecal Drugs Richard L. Rauck 37 Intracerebroventricular Opioid Administration for Chronic Pain Katherine E. Groothuis and Robert M. Levy Section IVC Intracranial Procedures for Chronic Pain Introduction 38 Deep Brain Stimulation for Pain Erlick A.C. Pereira, Sarah L.F. Owen, Alexander L. Green and Tipu Z. Aziz 39 Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Posterior Hypothalamus in Chronic Cluster Headache A. Franzini, G. Messina, M. Leone, G. Bussone, C. Marras, G. Tringali and G. Broggi 40 Motor Cortex Stimulation for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain J.P. Nguyen, J.P. Lefaucheur, S. Raoul, V. Roualdes, Y. Pereon, and Y. Keravel SECTION V - Movement Disorders 41 Movement Disorders: Anatomy and Physiology Relevant to Deep Brain Stimulation Brian Harris Kopell, Gregory F. Molnar and Bradley Hiner 42 Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson?s Disease Karl Sillay and Philip Starr 43 Deep Brain Stimulation for Tremor Adam P. Burdick, Michael S. Okun and Kelly D. Foote 44 Infusion Therapy for Movement Disorders Joseph C. Hsieh and Richard D. Penn 45 Deep Brain Stimulation for Torsion Dystonia Ron L. Alterman and Michele Tagliati 46 Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, Yasin Temel and Linda Ackermans 47 Surgical Management of Hemifacial Spasm and Meige Syndrome Hyun Ho Jung and Jin Woo Chang 48 Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the Medial Thalamus for Movement Disorders: The role of the Centromedianum - Parafascicular complex Paolo Mazzone, E Scarnati and G Della Marca SECTION VI NEUROSTIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY Introduction Ash Sharan and Ali Rezai 49 Epilepsy: Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology and Disorders David King-Stephens 50 Vagus Nerve Stimulation Arun Paul Amar, Michael L. Levy, Charles Y. Liu and Michael L.J. Apuzzo 51 Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy Casey H. Halpern, Uzma Samadani, Brian Litt, Jurg L. Jaggi and Gordon H. Baltuch 52 Cerebellar Stimulation for Epilepsy Steven Falowksi, Ashwini D. Sharan, Amanda Celii and Ross Davis 53 Closed Loop Stimulation in the Control of Focal Epilepsy J. Smith, K. Fountas, M. Murro, Y. Park, P. Jenkins, D. Greene and R. Esteller SECTION VII Neuromodulation in Psychiatry Introduction Benjamin D. Greenberg 54 Electroconvulsive Therapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Depression Linda L Carpenter,, Margaret C. Wyche, Gerhard M. Friehs and John O?Reardon 55 Electrical brain stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: parcellation, and cyto- and chemoarchitecture of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, a review Kris van Kuyck, Loes Gabriels, and Bart Nuttin 56 Deep brain stimulation for highly refractory depression Benjamin D. Greenberg 57 Surgical Treatment for Refractory Drug Addictions Bomin Sun, Shikun Zhan, Dianyou Li, and Hemmings Wu SECTION VIII NEUROMODULATION FOR FUNCTIONAL RESTORATION Introduction P. Hunter Peckham 58 Stimulation for the Return of Hearing Blake S. Wilson and Michael F. Dorman 59 The Development of Visual Prosthetic Devices to Restore Vision to the Blind Muhammad Memon and Joseph F. Rizzo III 60 Stimulation for Return of Function after Stroke John Chae, Jayme Knutson and Lynne Sheffler 61 Cortical Stimulation for the Treatment of Motor Deficits following Ischemic Stroke Janna Silverstein and Robert M. Levy 62 Stimulation for Return of Upper and Lower Extremity Function Kevin L. Kilgore, Michael W. Keith and P. Hunter Peckham 63 A Neural Prosthesis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Dominique M. Durand SECTION IX NEUROMODULATION FOR ORGAN SYSTEMS Introduction Elliot S. Krames 64 Neuronal Control of the Heart: Neuromodulation Jeffrey L. Ardell and Robert D. Foreman 65 Disorders of Pacing Thomas Dresing 66 Cardiac Pacemakers - Past, Present, and Future Guy Amit and Kara J. Quan 67 Cardiac Defibrillators Thomas Dresing 68 SCS for Peripheral Vascular Disorders Svante Horsch and Stefan Schulte 69 Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina Mike J.L. DeJongste and Robert D. Foreman 70 Neuromodulation and Hypertension T.M. Mastracci and R.K. Greenberg 71 Neuromodulation of Cardiac Dysfunction Sandra Machado, Kwangdeok Lee and Marc S. Penn 72 Neural Control of the Colon Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld and Robert D. Foreman 73 Spinal Cord Stimulation for Gastrointestinal Painful Disorders Leonardo Kapural 74 Gastric Stimulation for Dysmotility Disorders and Obesity Cristian Sevcencu 75 Intestinal Electrical Stimulation: Methodologies, Effects, Mechanisms,and Applications Jieyun Yin and Jiande D Z Chen 76 Neurophysiology of the Genitourinary Organs William C. de Groat and Firouz Daneshgari 77 Sacral Nerve Root Stimulation for Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis Adnan A. Al-Kaisy and K. Riaz Khan 78 Neuromodulation for Voiding Dysfunction Sarah McAchran, Raymond Rackley and Sandip Vasavada SECTION X NEUROMODULATION FOR EMERGING APPLICATIONS Introduction Elliot S. Krames and Ali Rezai 79 Deep Brain Stimulation for Obesity Michael Y. Oh 80 Deep Brain Stimulation for Blood Pressure Control Erlick A.C. Pereira, Alexander L. Green and Tipu Z. Aziz 81 Tinnitus Brian Harris Kopell and David Friedland 82 Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Infusion Therapies for the Treatment of CNS Disease Daniel J. Abrams 83 Deep Brain Stimulation for Cognitive Neuromodulation Nicholas D. Schiff 84 Novel Neuromodulation Approaches for Alzheimer?s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions Julie G. Pilitsis and Roy A.E. Bakay SECTION XI TECHNIQUES FOR IMPLANTATION Introduction Elliot S. Krames 85 Deep Brain Stimulation: Surgical Technique Andre G Machado, Alon Y. Mogilner and Ali Rezai 86 Spinal Cord Stimulation: Placement of Surgical Leads via Laminotomy - Techniques and Benefits Krishna Kumar, Goran Lind, Jaleh Winter, Shivani Gupta, Sharon Bishop and Bengt Linderoth 87 Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Michael Stanton-Hicks 88 Subcutaneous Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation for Intractable Pain Giancarlo Barolat 89 Surgical Placement of Occipital Leads Richard L. Weiner 90 Surgical Technique: Intrathecal Medication Delivery System Implantation Joshua M. Rosenow 91 The Surgical Technique of Vagus Nerve Stimulator Implantation Jeffrey W. Cozzens Appendices.