Table of contents I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF CARE
1. Invited Commentary Ronnie A. Rosenthal
2. The Epidemiology and Economics of Cardiothoracic Surgery in the Elderly
David A. Etzioni and Vaughn A. Starnes
3. Principles of Geriatric Surgery
Mark R. Katlic
4. Geriatric Models of Care
Elizabeth A. Capezuti, Patricia Ursomanno, Marie Boltz and Hongsoo Kim
5. Delirium after Cardiac Surgery
James L. Rudolph
6. Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Elderly
Carl I. Gonzalez, II and Lois A. Killewich
7. Legal Aspects of Geriatric Surgery
Marshall B. Kapp
8. Ethical Issues in Cardiac Surgery for the Elderly
Susan M. Hecker and Robert M. Sade
9. Acute Pain Control in Geriatric Patients after Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeries
Jack M. Berger, Tawfik Ayoub and Jayeshkumar Patel
10. Palliative Care in the Elderly
Geoffrey P. Dunn
11. Cardiopulmonary Trauma in the Elderly
Jay Menaker and Thomas M. Scalea
12. Imaging Features of the Normal Aging Chest
Carol Wu and Jo-Anne O. Shepard
13. Cardiac Imaging in the Elderly
Faisal Nabi, Dipan J. Shah, Stephen H. Little and Su Min Chang

II. PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES
14. Invited Commentary by Michael E. Zenilman
15. Biology of Aging
Huber R. Warner
16. Hematologic Disorders in the Elderly
Ilene C. Weitz
17. Anticoagulation in the Older Surgical Patient
M. Kate Elfrey and Susan J. Zieman
18. Medication Usage in Older Cardiothoracic Surgery Patients
Richard Marottoli, Sean M. Jeffery and Roshini C. Pinto-Powell
19. Wound Healing in the Elderly
Christopher G. Engeland and Praveen K. Gajendrareddy
20. Pulmonary Changes in the Elderly
Keenan A. Hawkins and Ravi Kalhan
21. Cardiac Changes in the Elderly
Wilbert S. Aronow and William H. Frishman
22. Renal Changes in the Elderly
Carlos G. Musso and Dimitrios O. Oreopoulos23. Gastrointestinal and Liver Changes in the Elderly
Vadim Sherman, John A. Primoro and F. Charles Brunicardi
24. Neurologic and Cognitive Changes in the Elderly
J. Riley McCarten
25. Hormonal Changes during and after Cardiac Surgery
Marcello Maggio, Chiara Cattabiani and Gian Paulo Ceda

III. CARDIAC SURGERY
26. Invited Commentary by William A. Baumgartner
27. Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation in the Elderly Cardiac Surgery Patient
Joseph C. Cleveland, Jr.
28. Cardiac Anesthesia in the Elderly
James H. Abernathy, III and Eric W. Nelson
29. Cardiothoracic Surgery in the Elderly
Christopher J. Barreiro, Kerry J. Stewart and Glenn Whitman
30. Ischemic Coronary Disease
Margarita T. Camacho and Melissa L. Wong
31. Surgical Treatment of Aortic Valve Disease in the Elderly
Vinod H. Thourani and Robert A. Guyton
32. Surgical Treatment of Mitral Valve Disease in the Elderly
Maqsood M. Elahi and Kenton J. Zehr
33. Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Disease in the Elderly
Arnar Geirsson
34. Surgical Treatment of Pericardial Disease in the Elderly
Joshua Kindelan and Alberto de Hoyos
35. Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in the Elderly
Luciana Armaganijan and Jeff S. Healy
36. Heart Transplant and Mechanical Assistance in the Elderly
Edwin C. McGee, Jr.

IV. THORACIC SURGERY
37. Invited Commentary by Joseph LoCicero, III
38. Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation in the Elderly Thoracic Surgery Patient
Triciana Leal, Noelle K. LoConte, Anai Kothari and Tracey L. Weigel
39. Thoracic Anesthesia in the Elderly
Anne C. Kolker
40. Postoperative and Critical Care in the Elderly Thoracic Surgery Patient
Brannon R. Hyde and Joseph B. Zwischenberger
41. Adjuvant Therapy for Lung Cancer in the Elderly
Jared Weiss and Corey J. Langer42. Pulmonary Surgery for Malignant Disease in the Elderly
Sarah Billmeier and Michael T. Jaklitsch
43. Benign Thoracic Disease in the Elderly
Rita A. Mukhtar and Pierre R. Theodore
44. Lung Transplantation in the Elderly
Juan J. Fibla, Sandra C. Tomaszek and Stephen D. Cassivi
45. Esophageal Surgery for Malignant Disease in the Elderly
Philip A. Rascoe and John C. Kucharczuk
46. Esophageal Surgery for Benign Disease in the Elderly
Rose E. Hardin, Katie S. Nason and James D. Luketich
47. Surgery for Mediastinal Disease in the Elderly
Cameron D. Wright
48. Surgery for Pleural Disease in the Elderly
Raja M. Flores and Naveed Z. Alam
49. Surgery for Chest Wall Disease in the Elderly
Daniel L. Miller
50. Surgery of the Trachea and Bronchi in the Elderly
Douglas J. Mathisen and Ashok Muniappan

V. APPENDICES

A. Indices
1. Charlson Co-Morbidity Index
2. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA)
B. Function
1. Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE)
2. Mini-Cog
3. Geriatric Depression Scale
4. Geriatric Depression Scale, Short Form
5. Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
6. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
7. Karnofsky Score
8. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)/ Zubrod Score
C. Physiologic
1. Six-Minute Walk Test
2. Shuttle Walk Test
3. Metabolic Equivalent (MET)
D. References
1. Publications
2. Organizations