Presents a conceptual framework for understanding the underpinnings of addiction
Covers the state-of-the-art treatments as they apply to addictive behaviors
Addiction Medicine Science and Practice Edited by Bankole A. Johnson, D.Sc., M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, Medicine, and Neuroscience at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA The spectrum of addiction disorders presents practitioners with numerous challenges among them the widening gap between a growing evidence base and the translation of this knowledge into treatment outcomes. Addiction Medicine addresses this disconnect, clearly explaining the role of brain function in drug taking and other habit-forming behaviors, and applying this biobehavioral framework to the delivery of evidence-based treatment. Its state-of-the-art coverage provides clinically relevant details on not only traditional sources of addiction such as cocaine, opiates, and alcohol, but also more recently recognized substances of abuse (e.g., steroids, inhalants) as well as behavioral addictions (e.g., binge eating, compulsive gambling, hoarding). Current behavioral and medical therapies are discussed in depth, and the book's close attention to social context gives readers an added lens for personalizing treatment. An international panel of expert contributors offers the most up-to-date information on: Diagnosis and classification. Neurobiological and molecular theories of addiction Behavioral concepts of addiction Clinical aspects of addiction to a wide range of substances, including opiates, stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine Science-based treatment options: pharmacotherapy, pharmacogenetics, potential vaccines, brief and compliance-enhancing interventions, cognitive behavioral treatment, behavioral management, and other psychosocial interventions Behavioral addictions including compulsive eating, Internet messaging, and hypersexuality and their treatment Addiction in specific populations, including adolescents, the elderly, pregnant women, and health care professionals Legal, disability, and rehabilitation issues At once comprehensive and integrative, Addiction Medicine is an essential text and a practice-expanding tool for psychiatrists, health psychologists, pharmacologists, social workers, drug counselors, trainees, and general physicians/family practitioners.

Part I History, Perspectives, Epidemiology, Diagnosis,
and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Emerging Health Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
H. Westley Clark and Linda Hutchings
The Epidemiology of Alcohol and Drug Disorders . . . . . . . . . 23
Deborah Hasin and Katherine Keyes
United States Federal Drug Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Angela Hawken and Jonathan D. Kulick
Historical Perspectives of Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Howard I. Kushner
Diagnosis and Classification of Substance Use Disorders . . . . . . 95
John B. Saunders and Noeline C. Latt
Part II Behavioral Theories for Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Drug Reinforcement in Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Wendy J. Lynch and Scott E. Hemby
Role of the Human Laboratory in the Development of
Medications for Alcohol and Drug Dependence . . . . . . . . . . . 129
John D. Roache
Conditioning of Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
M. Foster Olive and Peter W. Kalivas
Part III Genetic and Other Biological Theories for Addiction . . 179
Mouse Models: Knockouts/Knockins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Weihua Huang, Wenhao Xu, and Ming D. Li
Vulnerability to Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
George R. Uhl, Tomas Drgon, Catherine Johnson,
and Qing-Rong Liu
The Pharmacogenomics of Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
David Goldman
xi
xii Contents
Metabolomics in Drug Response and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Raihan K. Uddin and Shiva M. Singh
Neurobiological Basis of Drug Reward and Reinforcement . . . . 255
David M. Lovinger
Neurobehavioral Toxicology of Substances of Abuse . . . . . . . . 283
Martin A. Javors, Thomas S. King, Brett C. Ginsburg,
and Lisa R. Gerak
Animal Models of Drug Dependence: Motivational Perspective . . 333
George F. Koob
Novel Methodologies: Proteomic Approaches
in Substance Abuse Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Scott E. Hemby, Wendy J. Lynch, and Nilesh S. Tannu
Part IV Clinical Aspects of Alcohol and Drug Addiction . . . . 379
Alcohol: Clinical Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Bankole A. Johnson and Gabrielle Marzani-Nissen
Cocaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Robert Beech and Rajita Sinha
Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Maher Karam-Hage, Jennifer Minnix, and Paul M. Cinciripini
Marijuana: An Overview of the Empirical Literature . . . . . . . 445
Michael J. Zvolensky, Marcel O. Bonn-Miller,
Teresa M. Leyro, Kirsten A. Johnson, and Amit Bernstein
Opiates and Prescription Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
John A. Renner and Joji Suzuki
Clinical Aspects of Methamphetamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Richard Rawson, Rachel Gonzales, and Walter Ling
Sedative-Hypnotics and Anxiolytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Bachaar Arnaout and Ismene L. Petrakis
Clinical Aspects of Inhalant Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Yu-Chih Shen and Shih-Fen Chen
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Kirk J. Brower
Caffeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Jack E. James
Serotonergic Hallucinogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Mireille M. Meyerhoefer
Ketamine and Phencyclidine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Michael F. Weaver and Sidney H. Schnoll
Contents xiii
Part V Behavioral Addictions and Treatment . . . . . . . . . . 615
The Biology and Treatment of Pathological Gambling . . . . . . . 617
Iris M. Balodis and Marc N. Potenza
An Addiction Model of Binge Eating Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Jacqueline C. Carter and Caroline Davis
Compulsive Buying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
Joanna M. Marino, Troy W. Ertelt, James E. Mitchell,
and Kathy Lancaster
Sexual Behavior as an Addictive or Compulsive Phenomenon . . . 661
Kimberly R. McBride, Michael Reece, and Brian Dodge
Instant Messaging Addiction Among Teenagers:
Abstracting from the Chinese Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Hanyun Huang and Louis Leung
Hoarding as a Behavioral Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
Jessica R. Grisham, Alishia D. Williams, and Raja Kadib
Part VI Treatment and Application: Behavioral Treatments . . 703
Motivational Interviewing: Emerging Theory, Research,
and Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Karen S. Ingersoll and Christopher C. Wagner
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
J. Kim Penberthy, Jennifer A. Wartella,
and Michelle Vaughan
Community Reinforcement Approach and Contingency
Management Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751
Nancy M. Petry and Danielle Barry
Relapse Prevention and Recycling in Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . 765
Carlo C. DiClemente, Meredith A. Holmgren,
and Daniel Rounsaville
Brief Interventions for the Treatment of Alcohol
or Other Drug Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
Robert J. Tait and Gary K. Hulse
Self-Help Approaches for Addictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
Clayton Neighbors, M. Christina Hove, Nicholas A.
Nasrallah, and Megan M. Jensen
Part VII Treatment and Application:
Group Treatments and Specific Settings . . . . . . . . . 819
Community Clinics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Jesse B. Milby, Kimberly Crouch, Adam Perkins,
and Octavia Jackson
xiv Contents
Unhealthy Alcohol and Drug Use in Primary Care . . . . . . . . . 847
Michael F. Bierer and Richard Saitz
Criminal Justice System and Addiction Treatment . . . . . . . . . 875
Karen L. Cropsey, Galen J. Hale, Faye S. Taxman,
and Gloria D. Eldridge
Adolescent Neurocognitive Development and
School-Based Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment . . . . . . . 889
Pallav Pokhrel, David S. Black, Admin Zaman,
Nathaniel R. Riggs, and Steve Sussman
The Therapeutic Community for Drug Abuse Treatment:
A Journey Yet Unfolding in the Recovery Movement . . . . . . . . 905
David A. Deitch and Liliane Drago
Substance Use-Focused Self-Help Groups: Processes
and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
Rudolf H. Moos
Part VIII Treatment and Application: Pharmacotherapy . . . . . 941
Pharmacotherapy for Alcoholism and Some Related
Psychiatric and Addictive Disorders: Scientific Basis and
Clinical Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943
Bankole A. Johnson and Nassima Ait-Daoud
Alcohol Withdrawal: Treatment and Application . . . . . . . . . . 981
Nassima Ait-Daoud and Robert Malcolm
Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991
Freda Patterson, Robert A. Schnoll, and Caryn Lerman
Pharmacotherapy of Cocaine Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017
Ahmed Elkashef and Frank Vocci
Opioids: Heroin and Prescription Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029
Jason M. White
Methamphetamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049
Linda P. Dwoskin, Paul E.A. Glaser, and Michael T. Bardo
Potential Pharmacotherapies for Cannabis Dependence . . . . . . 1063
Carl L. Hart and R. Douglas Shytle
Hallucinogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083
John H. Halpern, Joji Suzuki, Pedro E. Huertas,
and Torsten Passie
Part IX Molecular Genetics, Alternative Therapies,
and Other Topics in the Treatment of Addiction . . . . 1099
Molecular Genetics and the Treatment of Addiction . . . . . . . . 1101
Lara A. Ray and Kent E. Hutchison
Contents xv
Physical Considerations for Treatment Complications
of Alcohol and Drug Use and Misuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115
Giovanni Addolorato, Lorenzo Leggio, Cristina D'Angelo,
Anna Ferrulli, Antonio Mirijello, Silvia Cardone,
Veruscka Leso, Noemi Malandrino, Esmeralda Capristo,
Raffaele Landolfi, and Giovanni Gasbarrini
Pain and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147
Lynda T. Wells
The Triple Threat: Mental Illness, Substance Abuse,
and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181
Harold W. Goforth and Francisco Fernandez
Substance Use Stigma as a Barrier to Treatment
and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195
Jason B. Luoma
Religiousness, Spirituality, and Addiction:
An Evidence-Based Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
J. Scott Tonigan and Alyssa A. Forcehimes
Ear Acupuncture in Addiction Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237
Michael O. Smith, Kenneth O. Carter, Kajsa Landgren,
and Elizabeth B. Stuyt
Part X Computer Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1263
In Silico Models of Alcohol Kinetics:
A Deterministic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1265
Marc D. Breton
In Silico Models of Alcohol Dependence Treatment:
Stochastic Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1277
Boris P. Kovatchev
Dynamic and Systems-Based Models for Evaluating
Hypotheses Related to Predicting Treatment Response . . . . . . . 1291
Scott F. Stoltenberg
Part XI Dependence in Specific Populations . . . . . . . . . . . 1305
Enhancing Positive Outcomes for Children
of Substance-Abusing Parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307
Karol L. Kumpfer and Jeannette L. Johnson
Vulnerability to Addictive Disorders and Substance
Abuse in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood . . . . . . . . . . 1329
Karen S. Ingersoll and Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing
Alcohol and Substance Abuse in African Americans . . . . . . . . 1345
William B. Lawson, Robert G. Lawson, Jessica Herrera,
Bikash Sharma, and Akbar Broadway
xvi Contents
Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355
Connie R. Matthews
Substance Use Disorders in Health Care Professionals . . . . . . . 1375
George A. Kenna, Jeffrey N. Baldwin, Alison M. Trinkoff,
and David C. Lewis
Identification and Treatment of Alcohol or Drug
Dependence in the Elderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399
Frederic C. Blow and Kristen Lawton Barry
Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse in Pregnant Women: Effects
on the Fetus and Newborn, Mode of Action, and Maternal
Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413
Asher Ornoy and Sarah Yacobi
Part XII Legal, Disability, and Rehabilitative Issues . . . . . . . 1435
Forensic Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1437
Michael H. Gendel and Laurence M. Westreich
Disability and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1459
Charlene E. Le Fauve
The Homeless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1487
David E. Pollio, Karin M. Eyrich-Garg, and Carol S. North
Part XIII New Vistas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505
To Open Up New Vistas in Basic and Preclinical
Addiction Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507
Rainer Spanagel
Opportunities, Challenges, and Successes in the
Development of Medicines for the Treatment of Addiction . . . . . 1525
Bankole A. Johnson
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539