Table of contents
A. General Considerations


1. Introduction


2. Definition and Classification of Acute Kidney Failure


3. Overview of Pathophysiology, Etiology and Epidemiology

3.1. Mechanisms of Kidney Injury and Repair

3.2. Uremic Toxins

3.2. Pre-renal Acute Kidney Failure

3.3. Intrinsic Acute Kidney Failure

3.4. Urinary Tract Obstruction

3.5. Epidemiology and Economical Impact


4. Diagnostic Evaluation and Procedures

4.1. Clinical Evaluation

4.2. Laboratory Investigation

4.3. Kidney Function Tests and Urinalysis

4.4. Radiography

4.5. Ultrasonography

4.6. Kidney biopsy


5. Prevention and Conservative Therapy of Acute Kidney Failure

5.1. Volume Resuscitation and Management

5.1. Electrolyte Homeostasis

5.3. Acid-Base Balance

5.2. Monitoring and Management of Systemic Hemodynamics

5.3. Correction of Anaemia

5.4. Nutrition and Metabolism

5.5. Glucose and Insulin

5.6. Bleeding and Hemostasis

5.7. Neurological Problems

5.8. Gastrointestinal Complications

5.9. Cardiovascular Complications

5.10. Specific Interventions / Drugs


6. Indications to Start Kidney Replacement Therapy


7. Long-term Outcome of Acute Kidney Failure




B. Diagnosis and Management of Specific Disorders


1. Acute Kidney Failure in Sepsis

2. Cardiogenic Shock and Acute Kidney Failure

3. Acute Kidney Problems in Congestive Heart Failure

4. Hepato-Renal Syndrome

5. ARDS and Kidney Failure

6. Toxic Nephropathy due to Drugs and Poisons

7. Toxic Nephropathy due to Radio Contrast Media

8. Acute Glomerulonephritis, Vascultis, and Pulmo-Renal Syndromes

9. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome / Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

10. Acute Interstitial Nephritis

11. Myoglobinuric Acute Kidney Failure

12. Tropical Infections and Acute Kidney Failure

13. AIDS and Acute Kidney Failure

14. Acute Kidney Failure in Hematological Disorders and Tumor Lysis Syndrome

15. Acute Kidney Failure follwing Cardiovascular Surgery

16. Polytrauma and Acute Kidney Failure

17. Burns and Acute Kidney Failure

18. Acute Kidney Transplant Failure

19. Acute Kidney Failure during Pregnancy and Post Partum

20. Acute Kidney Failure in Children




C. Temporary Replacement of Kidney Function


1. Principles of Extracorporeal Blood Purification: Hemodialysis, Hemofiltration, Hemodiafiltration

2. Membranes for Dialysis and Hemofiltration

3. Dialysates and Substitution Fluids

4. Intermittent Hemodialysis

5. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies

6. SLEDD and SCUF

7. Quantifying the Dose of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy

7. Adequacy and Dosing of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy

8. Anticoagulation for Acute Dialysis

9. Vascular Access for Acute Dialysis

10. Principles and Practice of Acute Peritoneal Dialysis

11. Choosing a Therapy Modality for Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy

12. Stopping Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy




D. Management of Specific Issues


1. Anaesthesia in Patients with Acute Kidney Failure

2. Drug Dosing in Acute Kidney Failure and During Kidney Replacement Therapy

3. Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy In Children

4. Extracorporeal Therapies for Non-Renal Indications

4.1. Extracorporeal Therapies and Immunomodulation During Sepsis

4.2. Extracorporeal Liver Support

4.3. Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs and Toxins