Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19 examines the effects of the virus on the body, as well as its transmission and clinical profile. This volume begins with an introduction to the virus and its pathogenesis, transmission, and avoidance, followed by sections on pulmonary and cardiovascular effects, obesity, diabetes, the liver, detection issues, and biomarkers. Vaccines and treatment are also discussed. Specific case studies covered include hypoxia, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and neurological effects. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19.Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19 examines the effect of both the virus and the pandemic on behavior and mental health. Chapters look at the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on those with pre-existing conditions, including Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. The ongoing consequences of the pandemic on the mental health of the broad populace are discussed. As well as the neurological effects of the virus itself, chapters discuss psychological concerns including depression and anxiety. Finally, the chapters also include aspects relevant to managing care and the treatment of conditions. A broad range of conditions preceding, caused by, or emerging for the first time during the pandemic are also detailed.International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19 describes the nuances and international variations of COVID-19 in different populations and age groups. This volume details those differences in chapters examining the effects of the virus at different life stages, including newborns, children, adolescents, and older populations. Consideration of the age-specific effects of COVID-19 on the brain are a major focus unique to this resource. International observations and global outcomes are also described. This volume is relevant for all clinicians working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19 worldwide.Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19 describes the assessment and treatment of patients infected with the novel coronavirus that causes the varied symptoms of COVID-19. Detailing this multisystem disease and the organs and tissues affected, this volume features chapters on several body systems. Conditions affecting the respiratory, hematological, hepatobiliary, renal, gastrointestinal, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems are addressed. The fundamental role of telemedicine during the pandemic is also discussed. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19.


Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19
Preface
I. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: Introductory chapters and setting the scene

1. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in context: Systemic effects
Rajkumar Rajendram

2. Early warning signals of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Daniele Proverbio, Françoise Kemp and Jorge Gonçalves

3. Mobile phones and their use to study dynamics of COVID19 pandemic
Alex Berke and Kent Larson
II. Structure, transmission and avoidance

4. Cis regulatory elements: A novel communication route between the host cell and SARS-CoV-2 genome
Barsanjit Mazumder and Anton A. Komar

5. SARS-CoV-2 ORF8: Structure, Evolution, Molecular Function, and Its Contribution to the Pathogenicity of the Virus
Muhamad Fahmi, Yukihiko Kubota and Masahiro Ito

6. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding Ligands and Its Application in COVID-19 Therapeutics.
Partha Ray, Westley Van Zant, Gustavo Felippe Da Silva and Maria De Lourdes Borba Magalh es

7. Autophagy and COVID-19
Tamryn Barron and Ben Loos

8. The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2
Flor H. Pujol

9. Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 spread in hospitals
Vincenzo Romano Spica

10. Computational analysis of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants spike protein and protein interactions
E. U. M. Moreira, D. C. B. Mariano and R. C. de Melo-Minardi

11. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Andrew Fox-Lewis

12. Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with face masks: its potential protective effects
Vinicius M. Mello, Marco Horta and Cristiane Eller

13. Digital twin of ventilation system against COVID-19 transmission and infection risk
Wing Keung and Adrian Law

14. SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in pets
Sandra Barroso-Arévalo and Jose Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno

15. SARS-CoV-2 transmission in dental practices
Hironori Sakai, Eiji Kondo, Hirokazu Tanaka, Tetsu Shimane, Masao Hashidume and Hiroshi Kurita

16. SARS-CoV-2 compared with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in terms of vertical transmission
Giovanni Piedimonte

17. Reducing droplets and aerosols in the surgical setting and applications to the COVID-19 pandemic
Jaime Viera-Artiles and Belén E. Salvatierra Vicario

18. SARS-CoV motion dynamics: linking in droplet size
Mehmet Aydin and Seckin Aydin Savas

19. Ventilation and airborne particles in classrooms: implications for the COVID-19 pandemic
Marta Fonseca Gabriel, Gonçalo Marques and Fátima Felgueiras

20. Environmental SARS-CoV-2 transmission and e-cigarette aerosols
Roberto A. Sussman
III. Impact and Effects

21. The Impact of COVID-19 on First Responders
Brian T. Montague, Larissa Pisney and Eric Simoes

22. COVID-19 and suspected drug-induced liver injury
Rolf Teschke

23. Pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19
Ryosuke Imai and Naoki Nishimura

24. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cancer: clinical correlation and potential pathological mechanism
Trien Trey Tang, Syed Ahad Muhammad Haidry, Cade Lewis and Yujiang Fang

25. Severe SARS-CoV-2, platelet-endothelium interactions and cardiovascular damage
Theresa Marié Rossouw

26. Cardio-metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19: Pathophysiological aspects
Subo Dey, Wojciech Rzechorzek and Wilbert Solomon Aronow

27. COVID-19 and Type I and II diabetes: an overview
Vafa Baradaran Rahimi and Prof. Vahid Reza Askari

28. COVID-19 and older adults: an overview
Vafa Baradaran Rahimi and Prof. Vahid Reza Askari

29. COVID-19 and male fertility: an overview
Prof. Vahid Reza Askari

30. COVID-19 and obesity: an overview
Prof. Vahid Reza Askari
IV. Treatments, strategies and vaccines

31. COVID-19 vaccines and their impact: an overview
M. K.-W. Khong and I.F.-N. Hung

32. Exploring the Promise of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Review of Preclinical Studies
Shubham Adhikary, Harpal Singh Buttar, Hardeep Singh Tuli and Ginpreet Kaur

33. Drugs actively being investigated for use in COVID-19
Ruiqi Zhang and I.F.-N. Hung

34. The biology of neutralizing antibody cocktail therapy with REGN-COV
Hiroaki Sasaki

35. The intensive care unit and percutaneous tracheostomy in COVID-19
Burhan Dost and Ozgur Komurcu

36. Cardiac effects of drugs and vaccines used to treat or prevent COVID -19
Luigi Cubeddu

37. COVID-19 Pandemic and isolation: impact on sleep
M.B.D. Gavi o, Dora Díaz and Camila Marceliano

38. Strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic: Disinfection of gloved hands
Verónica V. Marquez-Hernandez, Lorena Gutiérrez-Puertas, Alba García-Viola, José Miguel Garrido-Molina, Alfredo Alcayde and Gabriel Aguilera-Manrique

39. In silico studies on established antivirals on SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Ismail Celik Sr., Meryem Erol and Trina Ekawati Tallei

40. The COVID-19 cytokine storm and its immunomodulatory treatment
Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Iman M. Talaat, Rakhee Kizhuvappat Ramakrishnan and nada Mahmoud Yakout

41. Safety and efficacy of nebulization for reducing the intensity of viral load and clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19
ghizal fatima Sr.
V. Detection and biomarkers

42. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and use in detection of SARS-CoV-2
Nitesh Gupta, Sumita Agrawal and Hari Kishan Gonuguntla

43. SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination among people who use drugs
Samantha Yeager, Abbie Sanders, Christopher Capron and Camille C. Cioffi

44. Homocysteine as a biomarker in COVID-19
Adem Keskin

45. Assessment of smell and taste in COVID-19
Constantin A. Hintschich

46. S-gene analysis: RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing applied to SARS-CoV-2 virus
Takayuki Ishige

47. False-negatives in screening for SARS-CoV-2
Hidenori Takahashi

48. Sample pooling and SARS-CoV-2 assays
Miguel Hueda-Zavaleta, Fabrizzio Bardales-Silva, Diana Minchón-Vizconde and Juan Carlos Gomez de la Torre Pretel

49. Biomarkers of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Carles Perpiñan, Laia Bertran and T. Auguet
VI. Case studies with mini review

50. Hypoxia and heart-lung interactions in COVID-19: The significance of right heart dysfunction and shunt
Rajkumar Rajendram, Naveed Mahmood, Gabriele Via and Arif Hussain

51. CASE STUDY: Neurology, ulnar nerve dysfunction and COVID-19
Cristina Terhoeve, Ryan Bliss and Rasheed Ahmad

52. CASE STUDY: Acute kidney injury and COVID-19
Yadullah Syed and Rajkumar Rajendram

53. CASE STUDY: The detection and treatment of a pneumothorax in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pneumonia
Rajkumar Rajendram

54. CASE STUDY: Conducting ventilation and airflow studies where airborne outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 have possibly occurred: preventing recurrence
Yo Ishigaki, Naohisa Fujita and Tatsuo Kato
VII. Resources

55. Recommended Resources for the Features, Transmission and Detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Rajkumar Rajendram



Linking Neuroscience and Behavior in COVID-19
Preface
I. Introductory chapters and setting the scene

1. Historical aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the ensuing pandemic
Taslima Nasrin, Samim Hassan, Arijit Samanta, Mehboob Hoque and Safdar Ali

2. Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2
Arijit Samanta, Samim Hassan, Taslima Nasrin, Syed Sahajada Mahafujul Alam, Zarnain Jamil, Harpal Singh Buttar, Safdar Ali and Mehboob Hoque

3. Lateral flow tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection: uses and limitations
Mirajul Islam, Taslima Nasrin, Arijit Samanta, Safdar Ali, Harpal Singh Buttar and Mehboob Hoque

4. Linking community participation, mobility disabilities and the COVID-19 pandemic
Kara Ayers, Jean Hall and Claire Burdick

5. The influence of the sources used to obtain information on COVID-19 and impact on mental health
Juan Gomez-Salgado
II. Impact on behaviour and psychology

6. The psychological experiences and distress of defined populations in the COVID-19 pandemic: doctors
Amy Pascoe, Karen Willis and Natasha Elizabeth Smallwood

7. Impact of COVID-19 on behaviour in autism spectrum disorder
Giulia Antolini and Marco Colizzi

8. Pre-pandemic stressors in mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: early life adversities and beyond
Xiangfei Meng

9. Compulsive Hoarding in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Donatella Marazziti

10. The psychological experiences and distress of defined populations in the COVID-19 pandemic: comparisons between Sweden and Japan
Sayo Hamatani, Anton Käll, Konomi Shoda and Kazuki Matsumoto

11. The COVID-19 pandemic, mental health and sleep: linking depression, anxiety and perceived stress
J. Bucker, Adriane Ribeiro Rosa and Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski

12. The COVID-19 pandemic and the occupational overload of health professionals: indicators of burnout
F.L. Osorio

13. SARS-CoV-2 and impact on cognition
Mohammad Nazmus Sakib

14. Acute Neurocognitive Disorder as a Presenting Manifestation of COVID-19
Brad T. Tyson

15. Mental health and the impact of confinement
Lorabi Souhib, David Sánchez-Teruel, Selma Boufellous and M.A. Robles-Bello

16. Cannabis Use in the Covid-19 Pandemic; Changes in Different Populations and Implications for Policy
Adam Zaweel, Isaac Kuk, Soyeon Kim, Bernard Le Foll and Christine M. Wickens

17. Impact of COVID-19 on mental health in women: socio-economic groups and global aspects
Maushmi Shailesh Kumar

18. Quality of life measures after hospitalization with COVID-19
Eleni Tsimitrea, Paraskevi Siamouti, Konstntinos Gourgoulianis and Evangelos C. Fradelos Sr.

19. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on remote working
Ferdinando Toscano and Teresa Galanti

20. Long Covid and its persistence: a focus on mental health
Michael John Dwyer, Massimo Mirandola and Elda Righi

21. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on behavioural and psychological features of vulnerable groups: Patients with multiple sclerosis and their quality of life
Kubra Yeni

22. The COVID-19 pandemic and the interlinking psychological distress and disordered eating behaviours
Snigdha Awasthi, Rufus Ephraim and Vidit Singh
III. Effects on neurological structures and mechanisms

23. Linking Paediatric COVID-19, Basal Ganglia and Dentate Nucleus
Shraddha Sunthwal, Sagar Lad and Preeti Lad

24. Sensory disorders, neuroinflammation and COVID-19: smell, taste and hearing
Arianna Di Stadio

25. The effects of COVID-19 isolations on non-motor features of Parkinson's disease
Gabriella Santangelo and Carmine Vitale

26. Myelitis following COVID-19: the road so far
C.F.R. da Silva and Sónia Batista

27. The corpus callosum: effects due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the mRNA vaccine
Luca Procaccini and Antonio Bernardini

28. The possible effect of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure on infants' neurodevelopment: Analyzing the current evidence
Vania Aldrete-Cortez

29. Electroencephalographic (EEG) features with COVID-19
I. Saez-Landete, Adriana Gómez-Domínguez, Beatriz Estrella-León and Alba Díaz-Cid

30. Survivors of COVID-19 and clinical neuropsychological domain characteristics
Pamela Emily May-Weeks

31. Neuroinflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Carlos Netto and Marimelia A. Porcionatto

32. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and depressive symptoms in subjects with COVID-19
Fabio Sambataro, Giulia Cattarinussi and Alessandro Miola

33. Impact of COVID-19 on the brain: Antibodies against brainstem antigens
Guglielmo Lucchese, Antje Vogelgesang, Angela Stufano and Agnes Flöel

34. The kynurenine pathway and role in mental health of post-COVID-19 patients
Melike Küçükkarapinar, Selçuk Candansayar and Filiz Karadag
IV. Management, support and treatments

35. Management of brain tumours in the COVID-19 pandemic
Rajesh Balakrishnan

36. Effect of COVID-19 related lockdown on the management of stroke
Valerio Brunetti, Irene Scala, Simone Bellavia, Aldobrando Broccolini, Giovanni Frisullo, Pier Andrea Rizzo, Eleonora Rollo and Giacomo Della Marca

37. Long Covid and the potential use of palmitoylethanolamide
Rocco S. Calabrò and Loredana Raciti

38. Cognitive assessments in post-COVID syndrome: a focus on the neuropsychological tests and protocols
Jordi A Matias-Guiu and Cristina Delgado

39. Supporting those with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the COVID-19 pandemic
Emily Johnson

40. Preserving well being and quality of life through school based intervention focused on physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic
Alice Masini, Francesco Sanmarchi and Laura Dallolio

41. Hesitancy in using COVID-19 prevention behaviors among African Americans: Strategies to build confidence
Jennifer Cunningham-Erves, Jamaine S. Davis, Elizabeth Stewart, Vanessa Crowther and Whitney George

42. New strategies for the psychological well-being of team workers
Teresa Galanti

43. Mitigating mental health changes with virtual reality (VR) technology during COVID-19: a narrative
Muhammad Hizri Hatta, Siew Koon Chong and Suriati Mohamed Saini

44. Music therapy for patients with neurological disorders in COVID-19 pandemic
Claudia Vinciguerra, Salvatore Iacono, Vincenzo Di Stefano, Valerio Nardone and Antonio Federico

45. Mental health and the modulating effects of receiving the COVID-19 vaccination
Norito Kawakami and Natsu Sasaki

46. Personalized cognitive behavioral therapy on obese patients in COVID19 pandemic
Riccardo Dalle Grave, Anna Dalle Grave and Simona Calugi

47. Social anxiety disorder and COVID-19: treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy
Narendra Nath Samantaray and Sapam Kiran Dolly

48. Burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: Modulating role of mindfulness
Makiko Sampei
V. Case studies with mini review

49. CASE STUDY: Methods to evaluate provision of clinical services for treatment of mental health in Long COVID
Colin Martin, Scarlett Moloney, Sarah Fowler, Frances Farnworth, Katie Tyrrell and Abigail Webb

50. CASE STUDY: CASE STUDY Navigating youth mental health and addictions care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
R. Markoulakis

51. CASE STUDY: Restless leg syndrome associated with COVID-19
Cyprian Popescu
VI. Resources

52. Recommended Resources for Linking Neuroscience and Behaviour in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Rajkumar Rajendram


International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19
Preface
I. Introductory chapters and setting the scene

1. COVID-19 and mortality in children
Milind Shinde, Anu Maheshwari and Harish Kumar Pemde

2. Congenital and perinatal COVID- 19: Diagnostic challenges, current management and outcomes
DESPOINA GKENTZI

3. COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies
Geir Bj rklund

4. Social and Community Responses to Public Health and Social Measures for COVID-19: Community Engagement for Risk Preparedness
Gary Chung and Eng-Kiong Yeoh
II. International aspects

5. The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: ecological background and epidemiological dynamics
M. Gatto and Stefano Miccoli

6. The COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Ademola Emmanuel Aiyenuro I, Chijioke Obiwe Onyeani, Yusuff Adebisi, Promise Okereke, Deborah Shomuyiwa, Nneka Uche, Nafisat Jimoh, Abdullahi Aborode, Samuel Ogunsola and Udochiamaka Chukwu

7. The COVID-19 pandemic in India
Maushmi Shailesh Kumar

8. COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
Malgorzata Gruchola and Malgorzata Slawek-Czochra

9. Covid-19 in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC)
Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez, Carlos Miguel López-Mendoza, Ana Jared Tenorio Salazar, Rogelio Flores Ramírez and Luz Eugenia Alcántara-Quintana

10. COVID-19 IN SUDAN: A MULTIPERSPECTIVE REVIEW
Khabab Mohamed Ahmed Sr.

11. Features of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in Cuba
E. Cruz-Rodriguez Sr.

12. Stress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Vidit Singh and Snigdha Awasthi

13. COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: A focus on Medical Management
K.-M. Ha and Young Kim

14. Stigma experienced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Egyptian Perspectives
Aya Mostafa and Nashwa Ismail
III. Reproduction, pregnancy and new-borns

15. Breast feeding and COVID-19
Bindi Borg and Karleen Gribble

16. Follicular fluid and the response to SARS-CoV-2
Fernanda Parborell Sr.

17. Fetal death due to maternal COVID-19
Munekage Yamaguchi

18. The COVID-19 pandemic and identification of SARS-CoV-2 in the prostate
Katherine Campbell, Nikhil Kulkarni, Braian Ledesma, Farah Rahman, Kyle Schuppe, MohamadHusni M. Zarli, Kajal Khodamoradi and Ranjith Ramasamy

19. COVID -19 in pregnant women: clinical course, treatment and maternal/fetal outcome of vaccination during pregnancy
Cinzia Auriti, Chiara Maddaloni and Domenico Umberto De Rose

20. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies and their vertical transfer
Jeremy Dewayne Ward

21. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in lactation
Amit Srivastava

22. Being pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of the trimester of gestation and measures of maternal mental health
Anick Berard and Narimene Ait Belkacem

23. COVID-19 related maternal mortality and SARS-CoV-2 variants
Arzu Bilge Tekin and Bilge Dogan Taymur

24. COVID-19 associated complications in pregnant women and neonates
Taylor DeAnnuntis, Jahnea Williams, Paul Burcher, Tamara Snyder, Rahul Kashyap and Vikas Bansal

25. The neurological impact of SARS-COV-2 infection on the developing foetus
Christine Wade, Kartik Mody and Becky Micetic

26. Impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the placenta
Kendall Moore, Rebecca Jessel, Jia Chen and Corina Lesseur
IV. Children and adolescents

27. T-cells and their subsets in children with COVID-19
Ferah Budak, Abdurrahman Simsek and Muhammed Ali Kizmaz

28. Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and SARS-CoV-2
Stanislaw Surma, Joanna Lewek and Maciej Banach

29. How the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on childhood nutritional status
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti

30. COVID-19 in children: nutritional care
P. Zamberlan, Beatriz Mazzoni, Ana Lúcia Lahoz, Maria Lucia Santos, Camila Nozella and Artur Delgado

31. Eating disorders in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
M.R. Marchili

32. Body composition in children with SARS cov 2 infection : short- and long-term consequences
Elisabetta Di Profio, Elvira Verduci and Gianvincenzo Zuccotti

33. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and childhood obesity
Maira Alejandra Ortiz-Pinto, Honorato Ortiz-Marrón and Miguel Pedromingo-Kuss

34. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the lockdown and the post-COVID effects on the family system of children with disabilities
Bekir Fatih Meral

35. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ordinary vaccination programs for very young children: BCG, MMR, Poliomyelitis and beyond
Guilherme Silveira Procianoy and Rita C. Silveira

36. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children
Paul Licciardi, Zheng Quan Toh and Nadia Mazarakis

37. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: how physical fitness changes in children
Eliseo Iglesias-Soler, Jessica Rial-Vázquez, Maria Rúa-Alonso, Iván Nine and Iván Clavel

38. The COVID-19 pandemic and children: impact on physical activity
Olena Yelizarova, Svitlana Hozak, Tetiana Stankevych, Nadiya Polka, Alla Koblianska, Alla Parats and Olha Ivanovska

39. The COVID-19 pandemic and stress related to schooling
Xue Yang and Kylie K.Y. Chan

40. The COVID-19 pandemic and effects on adolescent suicidal ideation (self-directed harm)
Brianna J. Turner

41. The COVID-19 pandemic: Attending to hand hygiene measures in young people a review of different studies
Anna Espart, Luisa Guitard-Sein Echaluce, Maria Barcenilla-Guitard, Alba Guitard-Quer and Fernando Barcenilla

42. Child and Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccination: Trends, Hesitancy, and Strategies for Increasing Vaccination
Kimberly H. Nguyen

43. Social distancing behaviour in adolescents
Ming-Te Wang

44. Thrombotic complications in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Clay Travis Cohen

45. Features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children: A focus on magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
Lukasz A. Malek

46. SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cytokine levels and pathway in children: an updated narrative
Tsvetelina Veselinova Velikova and Snezhina Lazova
V. Older Adults

47. Risk factors related to COVID-19 among older adults
Eva M. Satue-Gracia

48. Reducing loneliness and social isolation among elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic
Xiangfei Meng

49. Features and measures of depression in elderly and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: linking in pre-existing mental health
Omar Paccagnella

50. Experiences of Disabled Older Adults in Adult Day Care Centers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Takashi Naruse

51. Single-Cell Transcriptomics to Investigate Disease Severity in older adult COVID-19 Patients
Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy

52. COVID-19 and Older Adult Food Practices: A Social Determinants of Health Perspective
Sarah Francis, Catherine Rudoloph and Savannah Schultz

53. Older subjects and immunogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines
Dorota Religa and Piotr Seiffert

54. Non-invasive respiratory support in octogenarian patients with COVID-19
Federico Lionello, Gabriella Guarnieri, Giovanna Arcaro, Sara Lococo and Andrea Vianello
VI. Case studies with mini review

55. CASE STUDY: COVID-19 severity in diabetic patients with and without seizure
Budhadev Baral, Kartik Muduli, Shweta Jakhmola, Vaishali Saini, Pratik Kundu, Nikunj Kumar Root, Shubhransu Patro, Nirmal Kumar Mohakud and Hem Chandra Jha

56. CASE STUDY: Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for COVID-19 and Their Social Impact in Japan
Kota KODAMA, Makoto Niwa and Shintaro Sengoku

57. CASE STUDY: Factors affecting vaccine uptake. Australian perspectives
Jessica Carter and Erika Borkoles

58. CASE STUDY: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on an older disabled person
Takashi Naruse

59. COVID -19 in the newborn: clinical course and effects of maternal vaccination in pregnancy
Cinzia Auriti, Chiara Maddaloni and Domenico Umberto De Rose
VII. Resources

60. Recommended Resources for the International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram


Management, Body Systems, and Case Studies in COVID-19
Preface
I. Introductory chapters and setting the scene

1. Hand hygiene strategies
Trinidad Montero-Vilchez, Clara-Amanda Ureña-Paniego, Alberto Soto-Moreno, Alejandro Molina-Leyva and Salvador Arias-Santiago

2. Approved vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic: linking in future perspectives
Larissa Fonseca, Katharine Hodel, Vinicius Rocha, Milena Soares and B.A.S. Machado

3. RT-PCR methods for SARS-CoV-2 variants
Marco Fabiani, Katia Margiotti, Francesca Monaco, Alvaro Mesoraca and Claudio Giorlandino
II. Management

4. Systematic Patient assessment for Acute Respiratory Tract Ailments (SPARTA): A simple tool to improve outcomes from COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram, Naveed Mahmood, Mohammad Khan and Hamdan Al-Jahdali

5. Point of Care Ultrasound: for COVID-19: The Multi-organ Approach to COVID-19
Rajkumar Rajendram

6. COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: features and guidelines
CARLOS TAXONERA SAMSO and Olga Neva López-García

7. Management of COVID-19 and clinical nutrition
MANOLA PEVERINI and Giacomo Barberini

8. The management of head and neck cancer patients in COVID-19
Jesús Herranz-Larrañeta, Pablo Parente-Arias, Carlos Chiesa-Estomba and Miguel Mayo-Yáñez

9. The COVID-19 pandemic: inventory management and allocation of personal protective equipment (PPE)
Tazim Sameer Merchant and Mark Sheldon

10. Clinical management in the COVID-19 pandemic: rheumatic disease
Abdulvahap Kahveci

11. Managing migraine in the COVID-19 pandemic
Licia Grazzi, Danilo Antonio Montisano and Paul B. Rizzoli

12. Perioperative management of patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke during COVID pandemic
Adele Budiansky, Wesley Rajaleelan and Tumul Chowdhury

13. COVID-19 and the management of blood pressure in outpatients
Kazuo Kobayashi and Kouichi Tamura

14. Neurosurgical trauma management during COVID-19 restrictions
James Zhou, Michael Zhang and Harminder Singh

15. The COVID-19 pandemic and management of weight gain: implications for obesity
Sarah R. Barenbaum and Alpana Shukla

16. COVID-19 and the management of heart failure using telemedicine
M. Margarida Andrade, Diogo Cruz and M. Afonso Nogueira
III. Guidelines for different treatment clinics

17. Guidelines for breast imaging in the COVID-19 pandemic
Daniele Ugo Tari

18. Vaccine-induced (immune) thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT): Diagnosis, guidelines and reporting
Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Leonardo Pasalic and Giuseppe Lippi

19. Guidelines on surgical management in the COVID-19 pandemic
Shebab Mohamed, Monica Casiraghi, Lorenzo Spaggiari and Luca Bertolaccini

20. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)/Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS): clinical guidelines.
Arthur Chang, Ramesh Kordi and Mark Daniel Hicar
IV. Impact on the respiratory system

21. Ground-glass nodules in the lung of COVID-19 patients
Noel Roig-Marín

22. Cardiothoracic imaging in COVID-19 patients
Tommaso D'Angelo, Ludovica Lanzafame, Maria Ludovica Carerj, Antonino Micari, Silvio Mazziotti and Christian Booz

23. Cystic fibrosis and bronchial epithelial cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Virginia Lotti

24. Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the lung parenchyma following SARS-CoV-2 infection
Bela Suki, András Lorx and Erzsébet Bartolák-Suki

25. Long noncoding RNA profiling in respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients
Marta Molinero, Carlos Rodríguez-Muñoz, Silvia Gómez, Ángel Estella, Ferran Barbé and David de Gonzalo-Calvo

26. COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism
Marco Zuin and Gianluca Rigatelli

27. The usefulness of alveolar-arteriolar gradient during COVID-19 pandemic
Giuseppe Pipitone, Miriam De Michele, Massimo Sartelli, Francesco Onorato, Claudia Imburgia, Antonio Cascio and Chiara Iaria
V. Effects on cardiovascular and haematological systems

28. Cardiac effects of COVID-19 an overview
Naveed Rahman, Mirza Ali, Aanchal Sawhney, Apurva Vyas and Rahul Gupta

29. Limb ischemia and COVID-19
Raffaello Bellosta and Sara Allievi

30. Thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19: a new narrative
Alejandro Lazo-Langner and Mateo Porres-Aguilar

31. COVID-19 myocarditis: features of echocardiography
Antonello D'Andrea and Dario Fabiani

32. COVID-19 lockdown and impact on arrhythmias
Valentino Ducceschi and Giovanni Domenico Ciriello

33. Cardiometabolic disease and COVID-19: A new narrative
Wilbert Solomon Aronow, Wojciech Rzechorzek and Subo Dey

34. Post recovery COVID-19 and interlinking diabetes and cardiovascular events
Giuseppe Seghieri

35. COVID-19 patients and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Mario Castaño, Pasquale Maiorano, Laura Castillo, Gregorio Laguna, Guillermo Muñiz-Albaiceta, Victor Sagredo, Elio Martin-Gutierrez and Javier Gualis

36. Hematological aspects of SARS- COV- 2 infection
Sa a An ej Doma
VI. Effects on body systems

37. Dermatological reactions associated with personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the COVID-19 pandemic
Doug McElroy

38. Hemodialysis patients, effects