Features
Introduces the general concepts and principles of environmental epidemiology, focusing on EMF examples
Covers epidemiological study designs, exposure assessment methods, implications for study results, selection bias, confounding, and other biases including reverse causality and ecological fallacy
Considers how novelty, the steep increase of radiofrequency (RF) EMF exposure from wireless communications, and other challenges affect risk assessment today
Summary

Appeals to a Wide Audience
Fueled by more than 30 years of intensive research and debate on the impact of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on everyday life starting with residential exposure to magnetic fields and the development of childhood cancer in the 70s and continuing with risk of exposure via wireless communications in present day Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields addresses ongoing public and scientific controversy surrounding the possible effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) to human health, and provides an in-depth introduction into the methodology of environmental epidemiology that is appropriate for all levels, from student to practicing engineer.
Exposure to EMF
Focusing primarily on EMF examples, the author presents the general principles and methodological concepts in environmental epidemiology. Topics of importance in the first part of the book include epidemiological study designs, exposure assessment methods and implications for the study results, as well as selection bias, confounding, and other biases including reverse causality and ecological fallacy. The second part of the book covers environmental epidemiological methods in detail and outlines key examples such as childhood leukemia and exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields, as well as examples that look at brain tumors and mobile phone use. The book also offers a detailed discussion on the range of EMF sources and exposures. In addition, it highlights the sophisticated assessment methods required to address exposure situations, and provides a historical perspective. The third part of the book examines how EMF exposure from the use of wireless communication techniques and other challenges affect risk assessment today and also details future developments.
Explores environmental epidemiological methods in detail, while critically discussing epidemiological findings
Provides a state-of-the-art overview of the scientific evidence of the health effects of EMF
Considers how novelty, the steep increase of radiofrequency (RF) EMF exposure from wireless communications, and other challenges affect risk assessment today

Table of Contents
Introduction
Maria Blettner and Hiltrud Merzenich
Part I Epidemiological Concepts and Principles
Epidemiological Study Design: Architecture for Research
Anssi Auvinen
Occupational EMF Studies
Frank de Vocht
Epidemiological Exposure Assessment
Martin Röösli and Danielle Vienneau
Selection and Detection Bias
Maria Feychting
Confounding, Reverse Causation, and Ecological Fallacy
Susanna Lagorio
Part II State of Scientific Knowledge
Exposures to ELF-EMF in Everyday Environments
Joseph D Bowman
Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Our Everyday Environment
Patrizia Frei and Martin Röösli
Childhood Leukemia and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields: Critical Evaluation of Epidemiologic Evidence Using Hill's Framework
Leeka Kheifets and John Swanson
Adult Cancer and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields
Gabor Mezei and Ximena P Vergara
Neurodegenerative Diseases and ELF-EMF
Anke Huss and Roel Vermeulen
Brain Tumors and Mobile Phone Use: The Cohort Approach
Aslak Harbo Poulsen and Patrizia Frei
Brain Tumors and Mobile Phone Use: The Case Control Approach
Chelsea Eastman Langer and Elisabeth Cardis
Brain Tumors and Mobile Phone Use: The Ecological Approach
Peter D Inskip and Mark P Little
Synthesis of Epidemiological Studies on Mobile Phone Use and the Risk of Brain Tumors
Isabelle Deltour and Joachim Schüz
Electromagnetic Fields, Symptoms and Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance
Christos Baliatsas and G James Rubin
Part III The Broader Perspective
How Can Future Epidemiology and Laboratory Studies Complement Each Other?
Frank S Barnes and Ben Greenebaum
What If? The Public Health Perspective
Michael Kundi and Hans-Peter Hutter
An Outlook into Future EMF Exposure Scenarios
Norbert Leitgeb
Future of EMF Epidemiology
Mireille B Toledano and Rachel B Smith
Index