Emerging and re-emerging pathogens pose several challenges to diagnosis, treatment, and public health surveillance, primarily because pathogen identification is a difficult and time-consuming process due to the novel nature of the agent. Proper identification requires a wide array of techniques, but the significance of these diagnostics is anticipated to increase with advances in newer molecular and nanobiotechnological interventions and health information technology.

Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, clinical features, and public health risks posed by new viral and microbial infections. The book includes detailed coverage on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, development of various diagnostic tools, diagnostic assays and their limitations, key research priorities, and new technologies in infection diagnostics. Volume 1 addresses viral and parasitic infections, while volume 2 delves into bacterial and mycotic infections.

Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections is an invaluable resource for researchers in parasitologists, microbiology, Immunology, neurology and virology, as well as clinicians and students interested in understanding the current knowledge and future directions of infectious diseases.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors ix

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xix

About the Editor xxi

1 Pathogenesis of the OldWorld Arenaviruses in Humans 1
Igor S. Lukashevich

2 Pathogenesis of New World Arenaviruses in Humans 29
Verónica Martín, Stefan Kunz, Esteban Domingo, and Noemí Sevilla

3 Pathogenesis of Emerging and Novel Bunyaviruses in Humans 43
Cong Jin and Dexin Li

4 Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever in Humans 73
Inaia Phoenix and Tetsuro Ikegami

5 Pathogenesis of Hantavirus Infections 95
Tarja Sironen Olli Vapalahti and Alexander Plyusnin

6 Molecular Pathogenesis of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection 113
Sunit Kumar Singh

7 Dengue Virus Infection in Humans: Epidemiology Biology Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects 125
Fatih Anfasa, Leonard Nainggolan, and Byron E. E. Martina

8 Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus in Humans 145
Rianna Vandergaast, Katherine L. Hussmann, and Brenda L. Fredericksen

9 Overview on Chikungunya Virus Pathogenesis 177
Sunit Kumar Singh

10 Nipah Virus Infections in Humans 189
Kaw Bing Chua, Chong Tin Tan, and Kum Thong Wong

11 Pathogenesis of Hendra Virus in Humans 207
Chad E. Mire, Benjamin A. Satterfield, and Thomas W. Geisbert

12 Pathogenesis of Rotavirus in Humans 227
Carlos Fernando Narváez, Martha C. Mesa, Alfonso Barreto, Luz-Stella Rodríguez, and Juana Angel

13 Pathogenesis of Papillomaviruses in Humans 243
John Doorbar

14 Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus Pathogenesis 265
Lia R. Walker, Anshul V. Subramanya, Zeal T. Akula, and Shaw M. Akula

15 Microsporidiosis in Humans 281
Henry Shikani, Elizabeth S. Didier, and Louis M. Weiss

16 Pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii in Humans 303
Hong-Juan Peng, Feng Tan, and David S. Lindsay

17 Pathogenesis of Human African Trypanosomiasis 319
Jennifer Cnops and Stefan Magez

18 Pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis in Humans 337
Steve Oghumu, Gayathri Natarajan, and Abhay R. Satoskar

19 Pathogenesis of Chagas Disease in Humans 349
María-Jesús Pinazo, Faustino Torrico, and Joaquim Gascón

20 Pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium in Humans 371
Gabriela Certad, Marwan Osman, and Sadia Benamrouz

21 Pathogenesis of Malarial Parasites in Humans 393
Caroline Lin Lin Chua, Ricardo Ataíde, Alexandra J. Umbers, and Phillipe Boeuf

22 Pathogenesis of Trichomonas vaginalis in Humans 423
Marlene Benchimol, Antonio Pereira-Neves, and Wanderley de Souza

23 Loa loa Pathogenesis in Humans 441
Akue Jean Paul

24 Nematode LarvaMigrans 453
Kumara Singaravelu, Christina M. Coyle, Yuri C. Martins, Louis M. Weiss, Fabiana S. Machado,
Herbert B. Tanowitz, and Kevin R. Kazacos

25 Pathogenesis of Human Schistosomiasis 481
Thien-Linh Le, Susanne H. Sokolow, Olfat Hammam, Chi-Ling Fu, and Michael Hsieh

26 Vector-Borne Parasitic Zoonotic Infections in Humans 505
Domenico Otranto and Filipe Dantas-Torres

Index i1