Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. xi
Contributors .............................................................................................................................................................................................. xiii
Section I Introduction
1 Introduction to Best Evidence Medicine ............................................................................................................................. 3
Jason C. Eck and Alexander R. Vaccaro
Section II Trauma
CERVICAL SPINE
2 Clearing Cervical Spine Injuries: MRI, Dynamic X-rays, CT...........................................................................................11
Anthony S. Lapinsky and Mark S. Eskander
3 Type II Odontoid Fractures: Operative versus Nonoperative Management .............................................................. 17
Andrew J. Schoenfeld and Christopher M. Bono
4 Management of Cervical Facet Fractures: Surgical Indications and Approach .......................................................24
Davor Saravanja and Marcel F. Dvorak
5 Management of Cervical Facet Dislocations: Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ..............................................34
Sanjay Yadla and James S. Harrop
6 Management of Cervical Facet Dislocations: Timing of Reduction ............................................................................40
John C. France and John R. Orphanos
7 Management of Cervical Facet Dislocations: Anterior versus Posterior Approach ................................................48
Elizabeth M. Yu and Ahmad Nassr
THORACOLUMBAR SPINE
8 Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture: Surgery versus Conservative Care ..........................................................................59
Weishi Li, Darren R. Lebl, and Kirkham B. Wood
9 Vertebral Compression Fractures: Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation ........................................................... 69
Jason C. Eck
SPINAL CORD INJURY
10 Use of Steroids for Spinal Cord Injury ..............................................................................................................................79
Forrest D. Hsu and R. John Hurlbert
11 Role of Early Surgical Decompression for Spinal Cord Injury ....................................................................................86
David W. Cadotte and Michael G. Fehlings
Section III Degenerative
CERVICAL SPINE
12 Cervical Myelopathy: Anterior versus Posterior Approach ........................................................................................95
Brian W. Su and Todd J. Albert
13 Cervical Myelopathy: Timing of Surgery .......................................................................................................................105
Nancy E. Epstein
14 Cervical Myelopathy: Meaning of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Changes ...............................................117
Ishaq Y. Syed and Howard S. An
15 Avoidance of Cervical Adjacent Segment Disease .......................................................................................................126
Harvey E. Smith and Alan S. Hilibrand
THORACOLUMBAR SPINE
16 Adult Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Conservative Treatment versus Surgery ....................................................133
Igor R. Yusupov, Sergey Neckrysh, and Bruce E. Fredrickson
17 Adult Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Surgical Approach, Role of Fusion, Role of Instrumentation ...............138
E. Ratcliffe Anderson III and Jeffrey S. Fischgrund
18 Adult High-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Role of Reduction versus Fusion In Situ ...................................................150
John C. Sefter and Ivan E. LaMotta
19 Surgery for Axial Back Pain: ALIF versus PLIF or TLIF ...............................................................................................156
Ensor E. Transfeldt, Farhang Raaii, and Amir A. Mehbod
20 Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation: Repeat Diskectomy versus Fusion ...............................................................161
Cristian Gragnaniello, Igor De Castro, and Remi Nader
21 Management of Thoracic Disk Herniation ...................................................................................................................173
Mark S. Eskander and Jason C. Eck
Section IV Technology
22 Rigid versus Dynamic Cervical Plates: Indications and Efficacy .............................................................................183
Paul E. Kraemer and Rick C. Sasso
viii Contents
23 Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Cervical Spine: Efficacy and Associated Risks ...........................................187
Cyrus E. Taghavi and Jeffrey C. Wang
24 Role of Cervical Disk Replacement: Does It Avoid the Shortcomings of a Fusion? ............................................195
Bruce V. Darden II
25 Role of Lumbar Disk Replacement: Does It Avoid the Shortcomings of a Fusion? .............................................206
Louis G. Jenis
26 Minimally Invasive Lumbar Fusion: Results and Complications Compared with Open Techniques .............215
Youssef R. Karam and Richard G. Fessler
27 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Posterior Ligamentous Injury ............................................................229
Colin G. Crosby, Clinton J. Devin, Justin B. Hohl, Rick A. Davis, and Joon Y. Lee
Section V Infection
28 Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Setting of Infection: Indications, Risks, and Efficacy ..............................239
R. Todd Allen and Steven R. Garfin
29 Spine Infections: Medical versus Surgical Treatment Options ................................................................................250
Alexander G. Hadjipavlou, Panagiotis G. Korovessis, and Kyriakos N. Kakavelakis
30 Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Spine Surgery .......................................................................................................261
Brandon G. Rocque and Daniel K. Resnick
Index ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................269